Generic name: semaglutide
Brand names: Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus
Dosage form: subcutaneous injection, tablet
Drug class: GLP-1 Agonists (Incretin Mimetics)

Medically reviewed by Melisa Puckey, BPharm. Last updated on Mar 21, 2025.

What is semaglutide?

Semaglutide is used for weight loss, to lower blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes, and to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events and chronic kidney disease in certain adult patients. 

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 agonist that works by reducing appetite, delaying gastric emptying, increasing insulin release, and lowering the amount of glucagon released. 

Semaglutide brand names are Ozempic, Rybelus, and Wegovy , which are made by Novo Nordisk, and are FDA-approved for different conditions. Semaglutide FDA approval was first granted on December 5, 2017, for the brand Ozempic.

What is semaglutide used for?

Wegovy (semaglutide) for weight loss 

• Wegovy (semaglutide) is used for weight loss and weight maintenance in patients 12 years and older with obesity

• Used for reducing major cardiovascular event risks (such as heart attack, stroke, or death) in adults with type 2 diabetes with known heart disease

• Injection is given 1 time a week under the skin of the stomach (belly), the thigh, or the upper arm, using an autoinjector (pen)
• This injection should be used in addition to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity

Ozempic (semaglutide) injection

• Ozempic is used to treat type 2 diabetes in adults to help control blood sugar levels used together with diet and exercise,
• Used for reducing major cardiovascular event risks (such as heart attack, stroke, or death) in adults with type 2 diabetes with known heart disease
• Used to reduce the risk of kidney function decline, kidney failure, and death due to cardiovascular disease, in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes
• Injection is given 1 time a week under the skin of the stomach (belly), the thigh, or the upper arm, using an autoinjector (pen).

Rybelsus  (semaglutide) oral tablets

• Rybelsus is used to treat type 2 diabetes in adults to help control blood sugar levels 
• Oral tablet taken daily
• Semaglutide tablets should be used in addition to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity.

Also, see Wegovy vs Ozempic: Which is right for you?

What is the difference between Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus?

How does semaglutide work?

Semaglutide's mechanism of action involves mimicking a natural hormone in the body called GLP-1 which:

• Stimulates insulin production from the pancreas
• Reduces liver sugar production
• Slows down digestion
• Helps control appetite and food intake.

GLP-1 is a naturally occurring hormone that is released when we eat, to help us regulate our food intake. Semaglutide works by activating GLP-1 receptors, this lowers appetite, slows how quickly the stomach empties, and increases insulin production, so you feel fuller for longer and eat less, which leads to weight loss, control of blood sugar levels, and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. 

The way semaglutide works for kidney-related risk reduction is not fully understood.

Semaglutide belongs to the drug class called GLP-1 receptor agonists. 

What is the cost of semaglutide?

The cost of semaglutide varies depending on your insurance plan and which pharmacy you use.

Refer to our Ozempic price guide page for more information about the Ozempic cost. You may also be eligible for an Ozempic coupon or savings card.

Refer to our Wegovy price guide page for more information about the Wegovy cost. You may also be eligible for a Wegovy coupon or savings card.

Refer to our Rybelsus price guide page for more information about the Rybelsus cost. You may also be eligible for a Rybelsus coupon or savings card.

Semaglutide side effects

Common semaglutide side effects

Common semaglutide side effects may include low blood sugar (in people with type 2 diabetes), upset stomach, heartburn, burping, gas, bloating, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, stomach flu symptoms, headache, dizziness, tiredness.

Stomach or gastrointestinal side effects are common, but they tend to be mild and clear up in a few weeks and usually will not interfere with long-term treatment. Stomach side effects can be more common with higher doses.

Tips for managing stomach side effects

Following these tips may help you manage stomach semaglutide side effects:

• Eat more slowly
• Eat smaller meals
• Chose more bland, low-fat foods (like crackers, toast, and rice)
• Avoid eating greasy, fried foods or sugar treats
• Eat foods that contain water (like soup or gelatin)
• Do not t lie down right after eating
• Drink clear or ice-cold liquids
• If possible, go outside for fresh air if you feel sick to your stomach
• Ryebelsus is not recommended in patients with severe gastroparesis.

Tips for managing hypoglycemia side effects

• Test blood sugar levels regularly if you are also taking diabetic medicines including insulin or sulphonylureas (e.g. glibenclamide/glyburide, glipizide, and gliclazide) and when you increase your semaglutide dose.
• Your prescriber might reduce your dose of insulin or sulphonylureas if needed to reduce risk of hypoglycemia
• Symptoms of hypoglycemia include 
• feeling hungry
• feeling dizzy
• feeling anxious or irritable
• sweaty
• shaky
• tingling lips
• heart palpitations
• feeling tired or weak
• changes in your vision such as blurred vision
• confusion
• Treatment for hypoglycemia 
• Eat or drink something that will raise your blood sugar quickly for example sugary foods or drinks including a small glass of fruit juice or sugary fizzy drink (not diet), glucose or dextrose tablets or gel, or sugary candy.
• Check your blood sugar after 10 to 15 minutes.
• If your blood sugar is still low, have another sugary drink or snack, and check again after 10 minutes.
• Once your symptoms have improved eat a healthy snack or meal that will keep your blood sugar up for longer and prevent another drop in blood sugar.
• Severe hypoglycemia may require a glucagon injection.

Serious semaglutide side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives, itching, dizziness, fast heartbeats, difficulty breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have:

• vision changes;
• unusual mood changes, thoughts about hurting yourself;
• pounding heartbeats or fluttering in your chest;
• a light-headed feeling, like you might pass out;
• signs of a thyroid tumor - swelling or a lump in your neck, trouble swallowing, a hoarse voice, feeling short of breath;
• symptoms of pancreatitis - severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, nausea with or without vomiting, fast heart rate;
• gallbladder problems - upper stomach pain, fever, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);
• low blood sugar - headache, hunger, weakness, sweating, confusion, irritability, dizziness, fast heart rate, or feeling jittery;
• kidney problems - swelling, urinating less, feeling tired or short of breath; or
• stomach flu symptoms - stomach cramps, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea (may be watery or bloody).

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Related/similar drugs

Warnings

Call your doctor at once if you have signs of a thyroid tumor, such as swelling or a lump in your neck, trouble swallowing, a hoarse voice, or shortness of breath.

You should not use semaglutide if you have multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (tumors in your glands), or a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer.

Semaglutide has warnings for pancreatitis, diabetic retinopathy complications, hypoglycemia that can be severe, acute kidney injury, acute gallbladder disease, hypersensitivity reactions, and pulmonary aspiration during general anesthesia or deep sedation. For Wegovy there are also warnings for a heart rate increase and suicidal behaviour or ideation. For Rybelsus there is also a warning for severe gastrointestinal side effects.

Before taking this medicine

You should not use semaglutide if you are allergic to it, or if you have:

• multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (tumors in your glands);
• a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (a type of thyroid cancer); or
• diabetic ketoacidosis (call your doctor for treatment).

Tell your doctor if you have ever had:

• a stomach or intestinal disorder;
• pancreatitis;
• are planning surgery or other procedure that uses anesthesia or deep sedation;
• kidney disease; or
• eye problems caused by diabetes (retinopathy).

In animal studies, semaglutide caused thyroid tumors or thyroid cancer. It is not known whether these effects would occur in people. Ask your doctor about your risk.

Pregnancy

Men and women should stop using semaglutide at least 2 months before they plan to get pregnant. Ask your doctor for a safer medicine to use during this time. Controlling diabetes is very important during pregnancy, as is gaining the right amount of weight. Even if you are overweight, losing weight during pregnancy could harm the unborn baby.

Breastfeeding

Ask a doctor if it is safe to breastfeed while using this Ozempic or Wegovy.

You should not breastfeed while using Rybelsus

How should I use or take semaglutide?

Semaglutide injection directions

Semaglutide injections (Ozempic and Wegovy) are injected under the skin, usually once per week at any time of the day, with or without food. Use an injection on the same day each week.

Read and follow all instructions you have been given. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you need help.

Prepare an injection only when you are ready to give it. Call your pharmacist if the medicine looks cloudy, has changed colors, or has particles in it.

Your healthcare provider will show you where to inject semaglutide. Do not inject into the same place two times in a row.

If you choose a different weekly injection day, start your new schedule after at least 2 days have passed since the last injection you gave.

Do not use different brands of semaglutide at the same time.

Semaglutide tablets directions

Semaglutide oral tablet (Rybelsus) is taken once a day at least 30 minutes before the first food, beverage, or other oral medications of the day with no more than 4 ounces of plain water only. After 30 minutes of taking the tablet, you may eat, drink, or take other oral medicines. Swallow tablets whole. Do not split, crush, or chew tablets.

General semaglutide use

Blood sugar can be affected by stress, illness, surgery, exercise, alcohol use, or skipping meals.

Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can make you feel very hungry, dizzy, irritable, or shaky. To quickly treat hypoglycemia, eat or drink hard candy, crackers, raisins, fruit juice, or non-diet soda. Your doctor may prescribe glucagon injections in case of severe hypoglycemia.

Tell your doctor if you have frequent symptoms of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), such as increased thirst or urination. Ask your doctor before changing your dose or medication schedule.

Your treatment may also include diet, exercise, weight control, medical tests, and special medical care.

You may get dehydrated during prolonged illness. Call your doctor if you are sick with vomiting or diarrhea, or if you eat or drink less than usual.

Never share an injection pen, even if you changed the needle. Sharing an injection can pass infection or disease from person to person.

The Ozempic injection pen contains more than one dose. After your first use, store the pen with the needle removed in a refrigerator or at room temperature. Protect from heat and light. Keep the cap on when not in use. Throw the pen away 56 days after the first use or if less than 0.25 mg is shown on the dose counter.

Do not reuse a needle. Place it in a puncture-proof "sharps" container and dispose of it following state or local laws. Keep out of the reach of children and pets.

Semaglutide Dosing information

Ozempic Dosing Information

Ozempic Recommended Dosage

• Start Ozempic with a 0.25 mg subcutaneous injection (injection under the skin) once weekly for 4 weeks. The 0.25 mg dosage is intended for treatment initiation and is not effective for glycemic control.
• After 4 weeks on the 0.25 mg dosage, increase the dosage to 0.5 mg once weekly.
• If additional glycemic control is needed after at least 4 weeks on the 0.5 mg dosage, the dosage may be increased to 1 mg once weekly.
• ​If additional glycemic control is needed after at least 4 weeks on the 1 mg dosage, the dosage may be increased to 2 mg once weekly. The maximum recommended dosage is 2 mg once weekly.
• Administer Ozempic once weekly, on the same day each week, at any time of the day, with or without meals.
• The day of weekly administration can be changed if necessary as long as the time between two doses is at least 2 days (>48 hours).
• If a dose is missed, administer Ozempic as soon as possible within 5 days after the missed dose. If more than 5 days have passed, skip the missed dose and administer the next dose on the regularly scheduled day. In each case, patients can then resume their regular once-weekly dosing schedule.

Ozempic is available as single-patient-use injections and there are multiple strength options:

• 2 mg/3mL (0.68 mg/mL); delivers 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg per injection
• 4 mg/3mL (1.34 mg/mL); delivers 1 mg per injection
• 8 mg/3mL (2.68 mg/mL); delivers 2 mg per injection.

Each injection is pre-filled and intended for use by one patient only. 

Wegovy Dosing Information

Wegovy Recommended Dosage

Initiate Wegovy with a dose of 0.25 mg injected subcutaneously once-weekly and follow the dose escalation schedule below to minimize gastrointestinal adverse reactions

• Week 1 to week  4: 0.25mg weekly
• Week 5 to week 8: 0.5mg weekly
• Week 9 to week 12: 1mg weekly
• Week 13 to week 16: 1.7mg weekly 
• Week 17 onwards: 2.4mg weekly

If patients do not tolerate a dose during dose escalation, consider delaying dose escalation for 4 weeks
The maintenance dose of Wegovy is 2.4 mg injected subcutaneously once-weekly.
If patients do not tolerate the maintenance 2.4 mg once-weekly dose, the dose can be temporarily decreased to 1.7 mg once-weekly, for a maximum of 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, increase Wegovy to the maintenance dose of 2.4 mg once-weekly.
Discontinue Wegovy if the patient cannot tolerate the 2.4 mg dose.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, monitor blood glucose prior to starting Wegovy and during Wegovy treatment.

Wegovy Strengths available:

• Wegovy 0.25 mg pen delivers one 0.25 mg dose (0.25 mg/0.5 mL)
• Wegovy 0.5 mg pen delivers one  0.5 mg dose (0.5 mg / 0.5 mL)
• Wegovy 1 mg pen delivers one 1 mg  dose (1 mg / 0.5 mL)
• Wegovy 1.7 mg pen delivers one 1.7 mg dose (1.7 mg / 0.75 mL)
• Wegovy 2.4 mg pen delivers one 2.4 mg dose (2.4 mg / 0.75 mL)

Rybelsus Dosing Information

Take Rybelsus at least 30 minutes before the first food, beverage, or other oral medications of the day with no more than 4 ounces of plain water only. After 30 minutes of taking the tablet you may eat, drink or take other oral medicines. Swallow tablets whole. Do not split, crush, or chew tablets.

Rybelsus Recommended Dosage R1 formulation

• Start Rybelsus with 3 mg once daily for 30 days. The 3 mg dose is intended for treatment initiation and is not effective for glycemic control.
• After 30 days on the 3 mg dose, increase the dose to 7 mg once daily.
• Dose may be increased to 14 mg once daily if additional glycemic control is needed after at least 30 days on the 7 mg dose.
• Taking two 7 mg Rybelsus tablets to achieve a 14 mg dose is not recommended.
• If a dose is missed, the missed dose should be skipped, and the next dose should be taken the following day.

Rybelsus tablets strengths are available in 3mg, 7mg, and 14mg

Rybelsus Recommended Dosage R2 formulation

• Start Rybelsus with 1.5 mg once daily for 30 days. The 1.5 mg dose is intended for treatment initiation and is not effective for glycemic control.
• After 30 days on the 1.5 mg dose, increase the dose to 4 mg once daily.
• Dose may be increased to 9 mg once daily if additional glycemic control is needed after at least 30 days on the 4 mg dose.
• If a dose is missed, the missed dose should be skipped, and the next dose should be taken the following day.

Rybelsus tablets strengths are available in 1.5 mg, 4 mg, and 9 mg

Switching Patients between Ozempic and Rybelsus

• Patients treated with Rybelsus 14 mg daily can be transitioned to Ozempic subcutaneous injection 0.5 mg once weekly. Patients can start Ozempic the day after their last dose of Rybelsus.
• Patients treated with once weekly Ozempic 0.5 mg subcutaneous injection can be transitioned to Rybelsus 7 mg or 14 mg. Patients can start Rybelsus up to 7 days after their last injection of Ozempic. There is no equivalent dose of Rybelsus for Ozempic 1 mg.

What happens if I miss a dose?

For Rybelsus: Skip the missed dose and use your next dose at the regular time.

For Ozempic: Use the medicine as soon as you can and then go back to your regular schedule. If you are more than 5 days late for the injection, skip the missed dose and return to your regular schedule.

For Wegovy: Use the medicine as soon as you can and then go back to your regular schedule. If your next dose is due in less than 2 days (48 hours), skip the missed dose and return to your regular schedule.

Call your doctor if you miss more than 2 doses in a row of Wegovy. You may need to restart the medicine at a lower dose to avoid stomach problems.

Do not use two doses of semaglutide at one time.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose may cause severe nausea, vomiting, or low blood sugar.

What other drugs will affect semaglutide?

Semaglutide can slow your digestion, and it may take longer for your body to absorb any medicines you take by mouth.

Tell your doctor about all your other medicines, especially insulin or other diabetes medicines, such as dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, Byetta, Trulicity, Victoza, and others.

Other drugs may affect semaglutide, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell your doctor about all other medicines you use.

Storage

Ozempic

• Prior to first use, Ozempic should be stored in a refrigerator between 36ºF to 46ºF (2ºC to 8ºC). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. Do not freeze Ozempic and do not use Ozempic if it has been frozen.
• After the first use of the Ozempic pen, the pen can be stored for 56 days at controlled room temperature (59°F to 86°F; 15°C to 30°C) or in a refrigerator (36°F to 46°F; 2°C to 8°C). Do not freeze.
• Keep the pen cap on when not in use. Ozempic should be protected from excessive heat and sunlight.
• Always remove and safely discard the needle after each injection and store the Ozempic pen without an injection needle attached. Always use a new needle for each injection.

Wegovy

• Store the single-dose pen in the refrigerator from 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). If needed, prior to cap removal, the pen can be kept from 8°C to 30°C (46°F to 86°F) for up to 28 days. Do not freeze. Protect Wegovy from light. Wegovy must be kept in the original carton until time of administration. Discard the Wegovy pen after use.

Rybelsus:

• Store at 68° to 77°F (20 to 25°C); excursions permitted to 59° to 86°F (15° to 30°C) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Store and dispense in the original bottle.
• Store tablets in the original bottle until used to protect tablets from moisture. Store this medicine in a dry place away from moisture.

What are the Ingredients of semaglutide?

Active ingredient: semaglutide
Inactive ingredients:

Ozempic: disodium phosphate dihydrate, propylene glycol, phenol, and water for injections. Ozempic has a pH of approximately 7.4. Hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide may be added to adjust pH.

Wegovy: disodium phosphate dihydrate, sodium chloride, and water for injection.

Rybelsus R1 formulation: magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone and salcaprozate sodium (SNAC).

Rybelsus R2 formulation: magnesium stearate and salcaprozate sodium (SNAC).

Company

Ozempic, Wegovy and Rybelsus are Manufactured by: Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark.

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