Kyleena: Package Insert / Prescribing Info
Package insert / product label
Generic name: levonorgestrel
Dosage form: intrauterine device
Drug classes: Contraceptives, Progestins
J Code (medical billing code): J7296 (19.5 mg)
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Jun 17, 2024.
On This Page
- Indications and Usage
- Dosage and Administration
- Dosage Forms and Strengths
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
- Drug Interactions
- Use In Specific Populations
- Description
- Clinical Pharmacology
- Nonclinical Toxicology
- Clinical Studies
- References
- How Supplied/Storage and Handling
- Patient Counseling Information
Highlights of Prescribing Information
KYLEENA (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system)
Initial U.S. Approval: 2000
Indications and Usage for Kyleena
Kyleena is a progestin-containing intrauterine system (IUS) indicated for prevention of pregnancy for up to 5 years. (1)
Kyleena Dosage and Administration
- •
- Release rate of levonorgestrel (LNG) is 17.5 mcg/day after 24 days and declines to 7.4 mcg/day after 5 years; Kyleena must be removed or replaced after 5 years. (2)
- •
- To be inserted by a trained healthcare provider using strict aseptic technique. Follow insertion instructions exactly as described. (2)
- •
- Patient should be re-examined and evaluated 4 to 6 weeks after insertion; then yearly or more often if clinically indicated. (2.2)
Dosage Forms and Strengths
- •
- One sterile intrauterine system consisting of a T-shaped polyethylene frame with a steroid reservoir containing 19.5 mg levonorgestrel, packaged within a sterile inserter (3)
Contraindications
- •
- Pregnancy or suspicion of pregnancy. Cannot be used for post-coital contraception (emergency contraception) (4)
- •
- Congenital or acquired uterine anomaly if it distorts the uterine cavity (4)
- •
- Acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or a history of PID unless there has been a subsequent intrauterine pregnancy (4)
- •
- Postpartum endometritis or infected abortion in the past 3 months (4)
- •
- Known or suspected uterine or cervical neoplasia (4)
- •
- Known or suspected breast cancer or other progestin-sensitive cancer (4)
- •
- Uterine bleeding of unknown etiology (4)
- •
- Untreated acute cervicitis or vaginitis or other lower genital tract infections (4)
- •
- Acute liver disease or liver tumor (benign or malignant) (4)
- •
- Increased susceptibility to pelvic infection (4)
- •
- A previous intrauterine device (IUD) that has not been removed (4)
- •
- Hypersensitivity to any component of Kyleena (4)
Warnings and Precautions
- •
- Remove Kyleena if pregnancy occurs with Kyleena in place. If pregnancy occurs, there is increased risk of ectopic pregnancy including loss of fertility, pregnancy loss, septic abortion (including septicemia, shock and death), and premature labor and delivery. (5.1, 5.2)
- •
- Group A streptococcal infection has been reported following insertion of LNG IUS; strict aseptic technique is essential during insertion. (5.3)
- •
- Before using Kyleena, consider the risks of PID. (5.4)
- •
- Uterine perforation may occur and may reduce contraceptive effectiveness or require surgery. Risk is increased if inserted in lactating women and may be increased if inserted in women with fixed retroverted uteri and postpartum. (5.5)
- •
- Partial or complete expulsion may occur, which can be unnoticed, leading to loss of contraceptive efficacy. (5.6)
- •
- Evaluate persistent enlarged ovarian follicles or ovarian cysts. (5.7)
- •
- Bleeding patterns become altered, may remain irregular and amenorrhea may ensue. (5.8)
- •
- Kyleena can be safely scanned with MRI only under certain conditions. (5.11)
Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
The most common adverse reactions reported (≥ 5% users) were vulvovaginitis, ovarian cysts, abdominal pain/pelvic pain, headache/migraine, acne/seborrhea, dysmenorrhea/uterine spasm, breast pain/breast discomfort, and increased bleeding. (6)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-888-842-2937 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.
Revised: 3/2018
Full Prescribing Information
1. Indications and Usage for Kyleena
Kyleena is indicated to prevent pregnancy for up to 5 years. Replace the system after 5 years if continued use is desired.
2. Kyleena Dosage and Administration
Kyleena contains 19.5 mg of levonorgestrel (LNG) released in vivo at a rate of approximately 17.5 mcg/day after 24 days. This rate decreases progressively to 9.8 mcg/day after 1 year and to 7.4 mcg/day after 5 years. The average in vivo release rate of LNG is approximately 12.6 mcg/day over the first year and 9.0 mcg/day over a period of 5 years. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.3).]
Kyleena must be removed by the end of the fifth year and can be replaced at the time of removal with a new Kyleena if continued contraceptive protection is desired.
Kyleena can be physically distinguished from other intrauterine systems (IUSs) by the combination of the visibility of the silver ring on ultrasound and the blue color of the removal threads.
Kyleena is supplied in a sterile package within an inserter that enables single-handed loading (see Figure 1). Do not open the package until required for insertion [see Description (11)]. Do not use if the seal of the sterile package is broken or appears compromised. Use strict aseptic techniques throughout the insertion procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
2.1. Insertion Instructions
- •
- Obtain a complete medical and social history to determine conditions that might influence the selection of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS) for contraception. If indicated, perform a physical examination and appropriate tests for any forms of genital or other sexually transmitted infections. [See Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.10).]
- •
- Follow the insertion instructions exactly as described to ensure proper placement and avoid premature release of Kyleena from the inserter. Once released, Kyleena cannot be re-loaded.
- •
- Check expiration date of Kyleena prior to initiating insertion.
- •
- Kyleena should be inserted by a trained healthcare provider. Healthcare providers should become thoroughly familiar with the insertion instructions before attempting insertion of Kyleena.
- •
- Insertion may be associated with some pain and/or bleeding or vasovagal reactions (for example, syncope, bradycardia) or with seizure, especially in patients with a predisposition to these conditions. Consider administering analgesics prior to insertion.
Timing of Insertion
|
Starting Kyleena in women not currently using hormonal or intrauterine contraception |
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Switching to Kyleena from an oral, transdermal or vaginal hormonal contraceptive |
|
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Switching to Kyleena from an injectable progestin contraceptive |
|
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Switching to Kyleena from a contraceptive implant or another IUS |
|
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Inserting Kyleena after abortion or miscarriage | |
|
First-trimester |
|
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Second-trimester |
|
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Inserting Kyleena after Childbirth |
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Tools for Insertion
Preparation for insertion
- •
- Exclude pregnancy and confirm that there are no other contraindications to the use of Kyleena.
- •
- Ensure that the patient understands the contents of the Patient Information Booklet and obtain the signed patient informed consent located on the last page of the Patient Information Booklet.
- •
- With the patient comfortably in lithotomy position, do a bimanual exam to establish the size, shape and position of the uterus.
- •
- Gently insert a speculum to visualize the cervix.
- •
- Thoroughly cleanse the cervix and vagina with a suitable antiseptic solution.
- •
- Prepare to sound the uterine cavity. Grasp the upper lip of the cervix with a tenaculum forceps and gently apply traction to stabilize and align the cervical canal with the uterine cavity. Perform a paracervical block if needed. If the uterus is retroverted, it may be more appropriate to grasp the lower lip of the cervix. The tenaculum should remain in position and gentle traction on the cervix should be maintained throughout the insertion procedure.
- •
- Gently insert a uterine sound to check the patency of the cervix, measure the depth of the uterine cavity in centimeters, confirm cavity direction, and detect the presence of any uterine anomaly. If you encounter difficulty or cervical stenosis, use dilatation, and not force, to overcome resistance. If cervical dilatation is required, consider using a paracervical block.
Insertion Procedure
Proceed with insertion only after completing the above steps and ascertaining that the patient is appropriate for Kyleena. Ensure use of aseptic technique throughout the entire procedure.
Step 1–Opening of the package
- •
- Open the package (Figure 1). The contents of the package are sterile.
Figure 1. Opening the Kyleena Package
- •
- Using sterile gloves, lift the handle of the sterile inserter and remove from the sterile package.
Step 2–Load Kyleena into the insertion tube
- •
- Push the slider forward as far as possible in the direction of the arrow, thereby moving the insertion tube over the Kyleena T-body to load Kyleena into the insertion tube (Figure 2). The tips of the arms will meet to form a rounded end that extends slightly beyond the insertion tube.
Figure 2. Move slider all the way to the forward position to load Kyleena
- •
- Maintain forward pressure with your thumb or forefinger on the slider. DO NOT move the slider downward at this time as this may prematurely release the threads of Kyleena. Once the slider is moved below the mark, Kyleena cannot be re-loaded.
Step 3–Setting the Flange
- •
- Holding the slider in this forward position, set the upper edge of the flange to correspond to the uterine depth (in centimeters) measured during sounding (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Setting the flange
Step 4–Kyleena is now ready to be inserted
- •
- Continue holding the slider in this forward position. Advance the inserter through the cervix until the flange is approximately 1.5–2 cm from the cervix and then pause (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Advancing insertion tube until flange is 1.5 to 2 cm from the cervix
Do not force the inserter. If necessary, dilate the cervical canal.
Step 5–Open the arms
- •
- While holding the inserter steady, move the slider down to the mark to release the arms of Kyleena (Figure 5). Wait 10 seconds for the horizontal arms to open completely.
Figure 5. Move the slider back to the mark to release and open the arms
Step 6–Advance to fundal position
Advance the inserter gently towards the fundus of the uterus until the flange touches the cervix. If you encounter fundal resistance do not continue to advance. Kyleena is now in the fundal position (Figure 6). Fundal positioning of Kyleena is important to prevent expulsion.
Figure 6. Move Kyleena into the fundal position
Step 7–Release Kyleena and withdraw the inserter
- •
- Holding the entire inserter firmly in place, release Kyleena by moving the slider all the way down (Figure 7).
Figure 7. Move the slider all the way down to release Kyleena from the insertion tube
- •
- Continue to hold the slider all the way down while you slowly and gently withdraw the inserter from the uterus.
- •
- Using a sharp, curved scissor, cut the threads perpendicular, leaving about 3 cm visible outside of the cervix [cutting threads at an angle may leave sharp ends (Figure 8)]. Do not apply tension or pull on the threads when cutting to prevent displacing Kyleena.
Figure 8. Cutting the threads
Kyleena insertion is now complete. Prescribe analgesics, if indicated. Keep a copy of the Consent Form with lot number for your records.
Important information to consider during or after insertion
- •
- If you suspect that Kyleena is not in the correct position, check placement (for example, using transvaginal ultrasound). Remove Kyleena if it is not positioned completely within the uterus. Do not reinsert a removed Kyleena.
- •
- If there is clinical concern, exceptional pain or bleeding during or after insertion, take appropriate steps (such as physical examination and ultrasound) immediately to exclude perforation.
2.2 Patient Follow-up
- •
- Reexamine and evaluate patients 4 to 6 weeks after insertion and once a year thereafter, or more frequently if clinically indicated.
2.3 Removal of Kyleena
Timing of Removal
- •
- Kyleena should not remain in the uterus after 5 years.
- •
- If pregnancy is not desired, the removal should be carried out during the first 7 days of the menstrual cycle, provided the woman is experiencing regular menses. If removal will occur at other times during the cycle or the woman does not experience regular menses, she is at risk of pregnancy: start a new contraceptive method a week prior to removal for these women. [See Dosage and Administration (2.4).]
Removal Procedure
- •
- Remove Kyleena by applying gentle traction on the threads with forceps (Figure 9).
Figure 9. Removal of Kyleena
- •
- If the threads are not visible, determine location of Kyleena by ultrasound [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)].
- •
- If Kyleena is found to be in the uterine cavity on ultrasound exam, it may be removed using a narrow forceps, such as an alligator forceps. This may require dilation of the cervical canal. After removal of Kyleena, examine the system to ensure that it is intact.
- •
- Removal may be associated with some pain and/or bleeding or vasovagal reactions (for example, syncope, bradycardia) or seizure, especially in patients with a predisposition to these conditions.
2.4 Continuation of Contraception after Removal
- •
- If pregnancy is not desired and if a woman wishes to continue using Kyleena, a new system can be inserted immediately after removal any time during the cycle.
- •
- If a patient with regular cycles wants to start a different contraceptive method, time removal and initiation of the new method to ensure continuous contraception. Either remove Kyleena during the first 7 days of the menstrual cycle and start the new method immediately thereafter or start the new method at least 7 days prior to removing Kyleena if removal is to occur at other times during the cycle.
- •
- If a patient with irregular cycles or amenorrhea wants to start a different contraceptive method, start the new method at least 7 days before removal.
3. Dosage Forms and Strengths
Kyleena is a LNG-releasing IUS (a type of intrauterine device, or IUD) consisting of a T-shaped polyethylene frame with a steroid reservoir containing a total of 19.5 mg LNG.
4. Contraindications
The use of Kyleena is contraindicated when one or more of the following conditions exist:
- •
- Pregnancy or suspicion of pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]
- •
- For use as post-coital contraception (emergency contraception)
- •
- Congenital or acquired uterine anomaly, including fibroids, that distorts the uterine cavity
- •
- Acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or a history of PID unless there has been a subsequent intrauterine pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
- •
- Postpartum endometritis or infected abortion in the past 3 months
- •
- Known or suspected uterine or cervical neoplasia
- •
- Known or suspected breast cancer or other progestin-sensitive cancer, now or in the past
- •
- Uterine bleeding of unknown etiology
- •
- Untreated acute cervicitis or vaginitis, including bacterial vaginosis or other lower genital tract infections until infection is controlled
- •
- Acute liver disease or liver tumor (benign or malignant)
- •
- Conditions associated with increased susceptibility to pelvic infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
- •
- A previously inserted intrauterine device (IUD) that has not been removed
- •
- Hypersensitivity to any component of this product [see Adverse Reactions (6.2) and Description (11.1)]
5. Warnings and Precautions
5.1 Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy
Evaluate women for ectopic pregnancy if they become pregnant with Kyleena in place because the likelihood of a pregnancy being ectopic is increased with Kyleena. Approximately one-half of pregnancies that occur with Kyleena in place are likely to be ectopic. Also consider the possibility of ectopic pregnancy in the case of lower abdominal pain, especially in association with missed menses or if an amenorrheic woman starts bleeding.
The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in clinical trials with Kyleena, which excluded women with a history of ectopic pregnancy, was approximately 0.2% per year. The risk of ectopic pregnancy in women who have a history of ectopic pregnancy and use Kyleena is unknown. Women with a previous history of ectopic pregnancy, tubal surgery or pelvic infection carry a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy may result in loss of fertility.
5.2 Risks with Intrauterine Pregnancy
If pregnancy occurs while using Kyleena, remove Kyleena because leaving it in place may increase the risk of spontaneous abortion and preterm labor. Removal of Kyleena or probing of the uterus may also result in spontaneous abortion. In the event of an intrauterine pregnancy with Kyleena, consider the following:
Septic abortion
In patients becoming pregnant with an IUS in place, septic abortion—with septicemia, septic shock, and death—may occur.
Continuation of pregnancy
If a woman becomes pregnant with Kyleena in place and if Kyleena cannot be removed or the woman chooses not to have it removed, warn her that failure to remove Kyleena increases the risk of miscarriage, sepsis, premature labor and premature delivery. Follow her pregnancy closely and advise her to report immediately any symptom that suggests complications of the pregnancy.
5.3 Sepsis
Severe infection or sepsis, including Group A streptococcal sepsis (GAS), have been reported following insertion of a LNG-releasing IUS. In some cases, severe pain occurred within hours of insertion followed by sepsis within days. Because death from GAS is more likely if treatment is delayed, it is important to be aware of these rare but serious infections. Aseptic technique during insertion of Kyleena is essential in order to minimize serious infections such as GAS.
5.4 Pelvic Infection
Promptly examine users with complaints of lower abdominal or pelvic pain, odorous discharge, unexplained bleeding, fever, genital lesions or sores. Remove Kyleena in cases of recurrent endometritis or pelvic inflammatory disease, or if an acute pelvic infection is severe or does not respond to treatment.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Kyleena is contraindicated in the presence of known or suspected PID or in women with a history of PID unless there has been a subsequent intrauterine pregnancy [see Contraindications (4)]. IUDs have been associated with an increased risk of PID, most likely due to organisms being introduced into the uterus during insertion. In clinical trials, PID was observed in 0.5% of women overall and occurred more frequently within the first year and most often within the first month after insertion of Kyleena.
Women at increased risk for PID
PID is often associated with a sexually transmitted infection (STI), and Kyleena does not protect against STI. The risk of PID is greater for women who have multiple sexual partners, and also for women whose sexual partner(s) have multiple sexual partners. Women who have had PID are at increased risk for a recurrence or re-infection. In particular, ascertain whether the woman is at increased risk of infection (for example, leukemia, acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS], intravenous drug abuse).
Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis has been associated with IUDs. Remove Kyleena from symptomatic women and treat with antibiotics. The significance of actinomyces-like organisms on Pap smear in an asymptomatic IUD user is unknown, and so this finding alone does not always require Kyleena removal and treatment. When possible, confirm a Pap smear diagnosis with cultures.
5.5 Perforation
Perforation (total or partial, including penetration/embedment of Kyleena in the uterine wall or cervix) may occur most often during insertion, although the perforation may not be detected until sometime later. Perforation may reduce contraceptive efficacy and result in pregnancy. The incidence of perforation during clinical trials was < 0.1%.
If perforation occurs, locate and remove Kyleena. Surgery may be required. Delayed detection or removal of Kyleena in case of perforation may result in migration outside the uterine cavity, adhesions, peritonitis, intestinal perforations, intestinal obstruction, abscesses and erosion of adjacent viscera.
The risk of perforation may be increased if Kyleena is inserted when the uterus is fixed retroverted or not completely involuted. Delay Kyleena insertion a minimum of six weeks or until involution is complete following a delivery or a second trimester abortion.
Clinical trials with Kyleena excluded breast-feeding women. A large postmarketing safety study conducted in Europe over a 1-year observational period reported that lactation at the time of insertion of an IUD/IUS was associated with an increased risk of perforation. For users of another LNG-releasing IUS, the incidence of uterine perforation was reported as 6.3 per 1,000 insertions for lactating women, compared to 1.0 per 1,000 insertions for non-lactating women.
5.6 Expulsion
Partial or complete expulsion of Kyleena may occur resulting in the loss of contraceptive protection. Expulsion may be associated with symptoms of bleeding or pain, or it may be asymptomatic and go unnoticed. Kyleena typically decreases menstrual bleeding over time; therefore, an increase of menstrual bleeding may be indicative of an expulsion. The risk of expulsion may be increased when the uterus is not completely involuted. In clinical trials, a 5-year expulsion rate of 3.5% (59 out of 1,690 subjects) was reported.
Delay Kyleena insertion a minimum of six weeks or until uterine involution is complete following a delivery or a second trimester abortion. Remove a partially expelled Kyleena. If expulsion has occurred, a new Kyleena can be inserted any time the provider can be reasonably certain the woman is not pregnant.
5.7 Ovarian Cysts
Because the contraceptive effect of Kyleena is mainly due to its local effects within the uterus, ovulatory cycles with follicular rupture usually occur in women of fertile age using Kyleena. Ovarian cysts (reported as adverse reactions if they were abnormal, non-functional cysts and/or had a diameter >3 cm on ultrasound examination) were reported at least once over the course of clinical trials in 22% of women using Kyleena, and 0.6% of subjects discontinued because of an ovarian cyst. Most ovarian cysts are asymptomatic, although some may be accompanied by pelvic pain or dyspareunia. In most cases the ovarian cysts disappear spontaneously during two to three months observation. Evaluate persistent ovarian cysts. Surgical intervention is not usually required.
5.8 Bleeding Pattern Alterations
Kyleena can alter the bleeding pattern and result in spotting, irregular bleeding, heavy bleeding, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. During the first 3–6 months of Kyleena use, the number of bleeding and spotting days may be higher and bleeding patterns may be irregular. Thereafter, the number of bleeding and spotting days usually decreases but bleeding may remain irregular.
In Kyleena clinical trials, amenorrhea developed by the end of the first year of use in approximately 12% of Kyleena users. A total of 81 subjects out of 1,697 (4.8%) discontinued due to uterine bleeding complaints. Table 2 shows the bleeding patterns as documented in the Kyleena clinical trials based on 90-day reference periods. Table 3 shows the number of bleeding and spotting days based on 28-day cycle equivalents.
|
Kyleena |
First 90 days
|
Second 90 days
|
End of year 1
|
End of year 3
|
End of year 5 N=530 |
|
Amenorrhea1 |
<1% |
5% |
12% |
20% |
23% |
|
Infrequent bleeding2 |
10% |
20% |
26% |
26% |
26% |
|
Frequent bleeding3 |
25% |
10% |
4% |
2% |
2% |
|
Prolonged bleeding4 |
57% |
14% |
6% |
2% |
1% |
|
Irregular bleeding5 |
43% |
25% |
17% |
10% |
9% |
1Defined as subjects with no bleeding/spotting throughout the 90-day reference period
2Defined as subjects with 1 or 2 bleeding/spotting episodes in the 90-day reference period
3Defined as subjects with more than 5 bleeding/spotting episodes in the 90-day reference period
4Defined as subjects with bleeding/spotting episodes lasting more than 14 days in the 90-day reference period. Subjects with prolonged bleeding may also be included in one of the other categories (excluding amenorrhea)
5Defined as subjects with 3 to 5 bleeding/spotting episodes and less than 3 bleeding/spotting-free intervals of 14 or more days
|
28-day Cycle Equivalent |
Cycle 1 N=1,619 |
Cycle 4 N=1,575 |
Cycle 7 N=1,518 |
Cycle 13 N=1,394 |
Cycle 39 N=913 |
Cycle 65 N=322 |
|
Days on treatment |
1–28 |
85–112 |
169–196 |
337–364 |
1065–1092 |
1793-1820 |
|
Mean |
Mean |
Mean |
Mean |
Mean |
Mean |
|
|
Number of bleeding days |
7.2 |
3.2 |
2.2 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
|
Number of spotting days |
8.6 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
Because irregular bleeding/spotting is common during the first months of Kyleena use, exclude endometrial pathology (polyps or cancer) prior to the insertion of Kyleena in women with persistent or uncharacteristic bleeding. If a significant change in bleeding develops during prolonged use, take appropriate diagnostic measures to rule out endometrial pathology. Consider the possibility of pregnancy if menstruation does not occur within six weeks of the onset of a previous menstruation. Once pregnancy has been excluded, repeated pregnancy tests are generally not necessary in amenorrheic women unless indicated, for example, by other signs of pregnancy or by pelvic pain.
5.9 Breast Cancer
Women who currently have or have had breast cancer, or have a suspicion of breast cancer, should not use hormonal contraception, including Kyleena, because some breast cancers are hormone-sensitive [see Contraindications (4)].
Spontaneous reports of breast cancer have been received during postmarketing experience with a LNG-releasing IUS. Observational studies of the risk of breast cancer with use of a LNG-releasing IUS do not provide conclusive evidence of increased risk.
5.10 Clinical Considerations for Use and Removal
Use Kyleena with caution after careful assessment if any of the following conditions exist, and consider removal of the system if any of them arise during use:
- •
- Coagulopathy or use of anticoagulants
- •
- Migraine, focal migraine with asymmetrical visual loss or other symptoms indicating transient cerebral ischemia
- •
- Exceptionally severe headache
- •
- Marked increase of blood pressure
- •
- Severe arterial disease such as stroke or myocardial infarction
In addition, consider removing Kyleena if any of the following conditions arise during use:
- •
- Uterine or cervical malignancy
- •
- Jaundice
If the threads are not visible or are significantly shortened, they may have broken or retracted into the cervical canal or uterus. Consider the possibility that the system may have been displaced (for example, expelled or perforated the uterus) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5, 5.6)]. Exclude pregnancy and verify the location of Kyleena, for example, by sonography, X-ray, or by gentle exploration of the cervical canal with a suitable instrument. If Kyleena is displaced, remove it. A new Kyleena may be inserted at that time or during the next menses if it is certain that conception has not occurred. If Kyleena is in place with no evidence of perforation, no intervention is indicated.
5.11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Safety Information
Non-clinical testing has demonstrated that Kyleena is MR Conditional. A patient with Kyleena can be safely scanned in an MR system meeting the following conditions:
- •
- Static magnetic field of 3.0 T or less
- •
- Maximum spatial field gradient of 36,000 gauss/cm (360 T/m)
- •
- Maximum MR system reported, whole body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4W/kg (First Level Controlled Operating Mode)
Under the scan conditions defined above, the Kyleena IUS is expected to produce a maximum temperature rise of less than 2°C after 15 minutes of continuous scanning.
In non-clinical testing, the image artifact caused by the IUS extended up to 5 mm from the IUS when imaged with a gradient echo pulse sequence and a 3.0 T MRI system.
6. Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
The following serious or otherwise important adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:
- •
- Ectopic Pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- •
- Intrauterine Pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
- •
- Group A Streptococcal Sepsis (GAS) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
- •
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
- •
- Perforation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
- •
- Expulsion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6]
- •
- Ovarian Cysts [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
- •
- Bleeding Pattern Alterations [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
The data described below reflect exposure of 1,697 healthy 18 to 41-year-old women (mean age 27.8 ± 5.2 years) to Kyleena. These data come from two multi-center contraceptive trials: A phase 2 study with a 3-year duration was conducted in Europe enrolling generally healthy, 21 to 41-year old women; 217 subjects were exposed to Kyleena for one year and 174 completed three years. The data in this trial cover approximately 8,000 cycles of exposure. A phase 3 study with a 3-year duration and an optional extension of Kyleena use up to 5 years was conducted in the United States (US), Canada, Europe, and Latin America. The population was generally healthy, 18 to 35-year old women. A total of 1,208 subjects were exposed to Kyleena for at least one year; 707 women entered the optional extension phase after 3 years and 550 completed five years. The data in this trial cover approximately 60,000 cycles.
In total for both studies, 1,425 subjects were exposed for at least 1 year, and 550 subjects completed 5 years of use. Of the total of 1,697 subjects exposed to Kyleena, 563 were from the US and 1,134 were from Europe, Canada and Latin America; 623 (37%) were nulliparous (mean age 24.6 ± 4.5 years) and 1,074 (63%) were parous (mean age 29.7 ± 4.7 years). Most women who received Kyleena were Caucasian (83%) or Black/African American (4.4%); 9.4% of women were of Hispanic ethnicity. The clinical trials had no upper or lower weight or body mass index (BMI) limit. Mean BMI of Kyleena subjects was 25.2 kg/m2 (range 15.2 – 57.6 kg/m2); 16% had a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, and 2.0% had a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2. The frequencies of reported adverse drug reactions represent crude incidences.
The most common adverse reactions (occurring in ≥ 5% users) were vulvovaginitis (24%), ovarian cyst (22%), abdominal pain/pelvic pain (21%), headache/migraine (15%), acne/seborrhea (15%), dysmenorrhea/uterine spasm (10%), breast pain/breast discomfort (10%), and increased bleeding (8%).
In the combined studies, 22% discontinued prematurely due to an adverse reaction. The most common adverse reactions (>1%) leading to discontinuation were increased bleeding (4.5%), abdominal pain/pelvic pain (4.2%), device expulsion (3.1%), acne/seborrhea (2.3%), and dysmenorrhea/uterine spasm (1.3%).
Common adverse reactions (occurring in ≥1% users) are summarized in Table4 (presented as crude incidences).
| System Organ Class | Adverse Reaction | Incidence (%)
(N=1,697) |
|---|---|---|
|
Reproductive System and Breast Disorders |
Vulvovaginitis |
24.3 |
|
Ovarian cysta |
22.2 |
|
|
Dysmenorrhea/uterine spasm |
8.0/2.4 |
|
|
Increased bleedingb |
7.9 |
|
|
Breast pain/discomfort |
7.1/3.5 |
|
|
Genital discharge |
4.5 |
|
|
Device expulsion (complete and partial) |
3.5 |
|
|
Upper genital tract infection |
1.5 |
|
|
Gastrointestinal Disorders |
Abdominal pain/pelvic pain |
13.3/8.2 |
|
Nausea |
4.7 |
|
|
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders |
Acne/Seborrhea |
14.1/1.8 |
|
Alopecia |
1.0 |
|
|
Nervous System Disorders |
Headache/Migraine |
12.9/3.3 |
|
Psychiatric Disorders |
Depression/ Depressed mood |
4.4/0.2 |
a Ovarian cysts were reported as adverse events if they were abnormal, non-functional cysts and/or had a diameter >3 cm on ultrasound examination
b Not all bleeding alterations were captured as adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].
In the clinical trials, serious adverse reactions occurring in more than a single subject included: ectopic pregnancy/ruptured ectopic pregnancy (10 subjects); pelvic inflammatory disease (6 subjects); missed abortion/incomplete spontaneous abortion/spontaneous abortion (4 subjects); ovarian cyst (3 subjects); abdominal pain (4 subjects); depression/affective disorder (4 subjects); and uterine perforation/embedded device (myometrial perforation) (3 subjects).
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of LNG-releasing IUSs. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
- •
- Arterial thrombotic and venous thromboembolic events, including cases of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis and stroke
- •
- Device breakage
- •
- Hypersensitivity (including rash, urticaria, and angioedema)
- •
- Increased blood pressure
7. Drug Interactions
No drug-drug interaction studies have been conducted with Kyleena.
Drugs or herbal products that induce or inhibit LNG metabolizing enzymes, including CYP3A4, may decrease or increase, respectively, the serum concentrations of LNG during the use of Kyleena. However, the contraceptive effect of Kyleena is mediated via the direct release of LNG into the uterine cavity and is unlikely to be affected by drug interactions via enzyme induction or inhibition.
8. Use In Specific Populations
8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
The use of Kyleena is contraindicated in pregnancy or with a suspected pregnancy because there is no need for pregnancy prevention in a woman who is already pregnant and Kyleena may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2)]. If a woman becomes pregnant with Kyleena in place, the likelihood of ectopic pregnancy is increased and there is an increased risk of miscarriage, sepsis, premature labor, and premature delivery. Remove Kyleena, if possible, if pregnancy occurs in a woman using Kyleena. If Kyleena cannot be removed, follow the pregnancy closely [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2)].
Studies report no adverse effects on fetal and infant development associated with long-term use of contraceptive doses of oral progestins in a pregnant woman. However, there have been reported cases of masculinization of the external genitalia of the female fetus following exposure to progestins at doses greater than those currently used for oral contraception. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Kyleena.
8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
Published studies report the presence of LNG in human milk. Small amounts of progestins (approximately 0.1% of the total maternal doses) were detected in the breast milk of nursing mothers who used other LNG-releasing IUSs, resulting in exposure of LNG to the breastfed infants. There are no reports of adverse effects in breastfed infants with maternal use of progestin-only contraceptives. Isolated cases of decreased milk production have been reported with a LNG-releasing IUS. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Kyleena and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from Kyleena or from the underlying maternal condition.
11. Kyleena Description
Kyleena (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system) contains 19.5 mg of LNG, a progestin, and is intended to provide an initial release rate of approximately17.5 mcg/day of LNG after 24 days.
Levonorgestrel USP, (-)-13-Ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, the active ingredient in Kyleena, has a molecular weight of 312.4, a molecular formula of C21H28O2, and the following structural formula:
11.1 Kyleena
Kyleena consists of a T-shaped polyethylene frame (T-body) with a steroid reservoir (hormone elastomer core) around the vertical stem. The white T-body has a loop at one end of the vertical stem and two horizontal arms at the other end. The reservoir consists of a whitish or pale yellow cylinder, made of a mixture of LNG and silicone (polydimethylsiloxane), containing a total of 19.5 mg LNG. The reservoir is covered by a semi-opaque silicone membrane, composed of polydimethylsiloxane and colloidal silica. A ring composed of 99.95% pure silver is located at the top of the vertical stem close to the horizontal arms and is visible by ultrasound. The polyethylene of the T-body is compounded with barium sulfate, which makes it radiopaque. A monofilament blue polypropylene removal thread is attached to a loop at the end of the vertical stem of the T-body. The polypropylene of the removal thread contains <0.5% phthalocyaninato(2-) copper as a colorant (see Figure 10).
The components of Kyleena, including its packaging, are not manufactured using natural rubber latex.
Figure 10. Kyleena
11.2 Inserter
Kyleena is packaged sterile within an inserter. The inserter (Figure 11), which is used for insertion of Kyleena into the uterine cavity, consists of a symmetric two-sided body and slider that are integrated with flange, lock, pre-bent insertion tube and plunger. The outer diameter of the insertion tube is 3.8 mm. The vertical stem of Kyleena is loaded in the insertion tube at the tip of the inserter. The arms are pre-aligned in the horizontal position. The removal threads are contained within the insertion tube and handle. Once Kyleena has been placed, the inserter is discarded.
Figure 11. Diagram of Inserter
12. Kyleena - Clinical Pharmacology
12.1 Mechanism of Action
The local mechanism by which continuously released LNG contributes to the contraceptive effectiveness of Kyleena has not been conclusively demonstrated. Studies of Kyleena and similar LNG IUS prototypes have suggested several mechanisms that prevent pregnancy: thickening of cervical mucus preventing passage of sperm into the uterus, inhibition of sperm capacitation or survival, and alteration of the endometrium.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
Kyleena has mainly local progestogenic effects in the uterine cavity. The local concentrations of LNG lead to morphological changes including stromal pseudodecidualization, glandular atrophy, a leukocytic infiltration and a decrease in glandular and stromal mitoses.
In clinical trials with Kyleena, ovulation was assessed based on serum progesterone values >2.5 ng/mL in one study and serum progesterone values >2.5 ng/mL together with serum estradiol levels <27.24 pg/mL in another study. Evidence of ovulation by these criteria was seen in 23 out of 26 women in the first year, in 19 out of 20 women in the second year, and in all 16 women in the third year. In the fourth year, evidence of ovulation was observed in the one woman remaining in the subset and in the fifth year, no women remained in this subset.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Low doses of LNG are administered into the uterine cavity with the Kyleena intrauterine delivery system. The in vivo release rate is approximately 17.5 mcg/day after 24 days and is reduced to approximately 15.3 mcg/day after 60 days and to 9.8 mcg/day after 1 year. It then declines progressively to approximately 7.9 mcg/day after 3 years and 7.4 mcg/day after 5 years. The average LNG in vivo release rate is approximately 12.6 mcg/day over the first year and 9.0 mcg/day over the period of 5 years.
In a subset of 6 subjects, the maximum observed serum LNG concentration (mean ±SD) was 302 ± 170 pg/mL, reached after 7.5 days (median) of Kyleena insertion. Thereafter, the LNG serum concentrations (mean ±SD) at Year 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 199 ± 171 pg/mL (N=6), 120 ± 57 pg/mL (N=6), 122 ± 65 pg/mL (N=6), 79 ± 12 pg/mL (N=3) and 65 ± 15 pg/mL (N=3), respectively. A population pharmacokinetic evaluation based on a broader database (>1000 patients) showed a similar declining concentration profile, with 175 ± 74 pg/mL at 7 days after placement, 125 ± 50 pg/mL at 1 year, 99 ± 41 pg/mL after 3 years, and 90 ± 35 pg/mL after 5 years.
Distribution
The apparent volume of distribution of LNG is reported to be approximately 1.8 L/kg. LNG is bound non-specifically to serum albumin and specifically to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Accordingly, changes in the concentration of SHBG in serum result in an increase (at higher SHBG concentration) or a decrease (at lower SHBG concentration) of the total LNG concentration in serum. In a subset of 6 subjects, the concentration of SHBG declined on average by about 30% during the first 3 months after insertion of Kyleena and remained relatively stable over the 5 year period of use. Less than 2% of the circulating LNG is present as free steroid.
Elimination
Following intravenous administration of 0.09 mg LNG to healthy volunteers, the total clearance of LNG is approximately 1 mL/min/kg and the elimination half-life is approximately 20 hours. Metabolic clearance rates may differ among individuals by several-fold, and this may account in part for wide individual variations in LNG concentrations seen in individuals using LNG–containing contraceptive products.
Metabolism
- Following absorption, LNG is extensively metabolized. The most important metabolic pathways are the reduction of the Δ4-3-oxo group and hydroxylations at positions 2α, 1β and 16β, followed by conjugation. Significant amounts of conjugated and unconjugated 3α, 5β- are also present in serum, along with much smaller amounts of 3α, 5α-tetrahydrolevonorgestrel and 16β-hydroxylevonorgestrel. CYP3A4 is the main enzyme involved in the oxidative metabolism of LNG.
Specific Populations
Pediatric: Safety and efficacy of Kyleena have been established in women of reproductive age. Use of this product before menarche is not indicated.
Geriatric: Kyleena has not been studied in women over age 65 and is not approved for use in this population.
Race: No studies have evaluated the effect of race on the pharmacokinetics of Kyleena.
Hepatic Impairment: No studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of hepatic disease on the disposition of Kyleena.
Renal Impairment: No formal studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of renal disease on the disposition of Kyleena.
Drug-Drug Interactions
No drug-drug interaction studies were conducted with Kyleena [see Drug Interactions (7)].
14. Clinical Studies
The contraceptive efficacy of Kyleena was evaluated in a clinical trial that enrolled generally healthy women aged 18–35, of whom 1,452 received Kyleena. Of these, 40% (574) were nulliparous women, 870 (60%) women completed 3 years of the study, 707 (49%) elected to enroll in an extension phase up to a total of 5 years, and 550 (38%) completed 5 years of use. The trial was a multicenter, multi-national, randomized, open-label study conducted in 11 countries in Europe, Latin America, the US and Canada. Women less than six weeks postpartum, with a history of ectopic pregnancy, with clinically significant ovarian cysts or with HIV or otherwise at high risk for sexually transmitted infections were excluded. A total of 563 (39%) were treated at US sites and 889 (61%) were at non-US sites. The racial demographics of enrolled women who received Kyleena was: Caucasian (80%), Black/African American (5.1%), Other (2.6%) and Asian (1.2%); 11% indicated Hispanic ethnicity. The clinical trial had no upper or lower weight or BMI limit. The weight range was 38 to 173 kg (mean weight: 68.7 kg) and mean BMI was 25.3 kg/m2 (range 15.2–57.6 kg/m2). Of Kyleena-treated women, 22% discontinued the study treatment due to an adverse reaction, 5.0% were lost to follow-up, 2.3% withdrew for unspecified reasons, 1.2% discontinued due to a protocol deviation, 0.9% discontinued due to pregnancy, and 20% discontinued due to other reasons.
The pregnancy rate calculated as the Pearl Index (PI) in women aged 18–35 years was the primary efficacy endpoint used to assess contraceptive reliability. The PI was calculated based on 28-day equivalent exposure cycles; evaluable cycles excluded those in which back-up contraception was used unless a pregnancy occurred in that cycle. The Year 1 PI was based on 2 pregnancies and the cumulative 5-year pregnancy rate was based on 13 pregnancies that occurred after the onset of treatment and within 7 days after Kyleena removal or expulsion. Table 5 shows the calculated annual and cumulative pregnancy rates.
|
Kyleena Clinical Trial |
Pearl Index |
Cumulative 5-Year Kaplan Meier Rate |
||||
|
Year 1 |
Year 2 |
Year 3 |
Year 4 |
Year 5 |
||
|
Number of Evaluable 28-day Cycles of Exposure |
16,207 |
13,853 |
11,610 |
8,556 |
7,087 |
57,313 |
|
Pregnancy Rate (95% Confidence Interval) |
0.16 (0.02, 0.58) |
0.38 (0.10, 0.96) |
0.45 (0.12, 1.15) |
0.15 (0.00, 0.85) |
0.37 (0.04, 1.33) |
1.45 (0.82, 2.53) |
About 71% of 163 women who desired pregnancy after study discontinuation and provided follow-up information, conceived within 12 months after removal of Kyleena.
16. How is Kyleena supplied
- Kyleena (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system), containing a total of 19.5 mg LNG, is available in a carton of one sterile unit. NDC# 50419-424-01
Kyleena is supplied sterile. Kyleena is sterilized with ethylene oxide. Do not resterilize. For single use only. Do not use if the inner package is damaged or open. Insert before the end of the month shown on the label.
Store at 25°C (77°F); with excursions permitted between 15–30°C (59–86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
17. Patient Counseling Information
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).
- •
- Sexually Transmitted Infections: Counsel the patient that this product does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
- •
- Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy: Inform the patient about the risks of ectopic pregnancy, including the loss of fertility. Teach her to recognize and report to her healthcare provider promptly any symptoms of ectopic pregnancy. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1).]
- •
- Risks of Intrauterine Pregnancy::Instruct the patient to contact her healthcare provider if she thinks she might be pregnant. Inform the patient about the risks of intrauterine pregnancy while using Kyleena, including the risks of leaving Kyleena in place and the risks of removing Kyleena or probing of the uterus. If Kyleena cannot be removed in a pregnant patient, advise her to report immediately any symptom that suggests complications of the pregnancy. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Use in Special Populations (8.1).]
- •
- Sepsis: Counsel the patient that severe infection or sepsis, including Group A streptococcal sepsis (GAS), can occur within the first few days after Kyleena is inserted. Instruct her to contact a healthcare provider immediately if she develops severe pain or fever shortly after Kyleena is inserted. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.3).]
- •
- Pelvic Infection: Inform the patient about the possibility of pelvic infections, including PID, and that these infections can cause tubal damage leading to ectopic pregnancy or infertility, or infrequently can necessitate hysterectomy, or cause death. Teach patients to recognize and report to their healthcare provider promptly any symptoms of pelvic infection. These symptoms include development of menstrual disorders (prolonged or heavy bleeding), unusual vaginal discharge, abdominal or pelvic pain or tenderness, dyspareunia, chills, and fever. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.4).]
- •
- Perforation and Expulsion: Counsel the patient on how she can check that the threads still protrude from the cervix and caution her not to pull on the threads and displace Kyleena. Inform her that there is no contraceptive protection if Kyleena is displaced (for example, expelled or perforated the uterus). If perforation occurs, Kyleena will have to be located and removed; surgery may be required. Instruct the patient to contact her healthcare provider if she cannot feel the threads. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.5, 5.6, 5.10).]
- •
- Ovarian Cysts: Counsel the patient regarding the risk of ovarian cysts and that cysts can cause clinical symptoms including pelvic pain, abdominal pain or dyspareunia. Advise the patient to contact her healthcare provider if she experiences these symptoms. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.7).]
- •
- Bleeding Pattern Alterations: Counsel the patient that irregular or prolonged bleeding and spotting, and/or cramps may occur during the first few weeks after insertion. Inform the patient that, during the first 6 months of Kyleena use, the number of bleeding and spotting days may be higher and bleeding patterns may be irregular. If her symptoms continue or are severe she should report them to her healthcare provider. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.8).]
- •
- Clinical Considerations for Use and Removal: Instruct the patient to contact her healthcare provider if she experiences any of the following:
- •
- A stroke or heart attack
- •
- Very severe or migraine headaches
- •
- Unexplained fever
- •
- Yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, as these may be signs of serious liver problems
- •
- Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy
- •
- Pelvic pain, abdominal pain, or pain during sex
- •
- HIV positive seroconversion in herself or her partner
- •
- Possible exposure to STIs
- •
- Unusual vaginal discharge or genital sores
- •
- Severe vaginal bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, or if she misses a menstrual period
- •
- Inability to feel Kyleena's threads
- •
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Safety Information: Inform the patient that Kyleena can be safely scanned with MRI only under specific conditions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]. Instruct patients who will have an MRI to tell their doctor that they have Kyleena. This information is included on the Follow-Up Reminder Card. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.11).]
- Complete the Follow-up Reminder Card and give it to the patient.
FDA-Approved Patient Labeling
Revised 3/2018
PACKAGE/LABEL PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
NDC 50419-424-011
Sterile Unit
Rx only
www.kyleena.com
IMPORTANT: To be inserted in the uterus by or under the supervision of a licensed clinician. See physician insert for detailed instructions for use.
Kyleena
(levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system)
— 19.5 mg levonorgestrel
— 1 sterile unit
— intrauterine use
| KYLEENA
levonorgestrel intrauterine device |
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| Labeler - Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. (005436809) |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bayer Schering Pharma Oy | 369758383 | MANUFACTURE(50419-424) | |
Frequently asked questions
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