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Drug Interactions between Lamictal and Yaz

This report displays the potential drug interactions for the following 2 drugs:

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Interactions between your drugs

Major

ethinyl estradiol lamoTRIgine

Applies to: Yaz (drospirenone / ethinyl estradiol) and Lamictal (lamotrigine)

ADJUST DOSE: Coadministration with estrogens or progestins used for hormonal contraception or hormonal replacement therapy may significantly decrease the plasma concentrations and pharmacologic effects of lamotrigine due to induction of lamotrigine glucuronidation. The available evidence suggests that estrogens are the main cause of serum lamotrigine reductions and the data supporting the involvement of progestin-containing medications in this reduction are conflicting. In a pharmacokinetic study of 16 female volunteers taking an oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 150 mcg of levonorgestrel concomitantly with lamotrigine 300 mg per day, the clearance of lamotrigine increased approximately 2-fold. Additionally, the systemic exposure (AUC) and the maximum plasm concentration (Cmax) of lamotrigine decreased by 52% and 39%, respectively. In the same study, coadministration of lamotrigine did not impact the pharmacokinetics of the ethinyl estradiol component of the oral contraceptive. However, the AUC of levonorgestrel decreased by 19% and measurement of serum FSH, LH, and estradiol indicated some loss of suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The clinical significance is unknown. Measurement of serum progesterone indicated no hormonal evidence of ovulation.

MANAGEMENT: Plasma lamotrigine levels and pharmacologic response should be monitored more closely whenever estrogen- or progestin-containing medications are added to or withdrawn from therapy. The maintenance dose of lamotrigine will in most cases need to be increased by approximately 2-fold when used concomitantly with combined hormonal contraceptives in women not also taking an enzyme-inducing drug (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, rifampin). It is recommended that from the time that the combined hormonal contraceptive is started, the lamotrigine dose is increased by 50 to 100 mg/day every week, according to individual patient response. The manufacturer's labeling should be consulted for more detailed dosage recommendations. Patients should be advised to contact their physician if they experience loss of seizure control or symptoms of lamotrigine toxicity such as ataxia, nystagmus, increased seizures, irregular heartbeat, and changes in mental status. In patients receiving oral contraceptives, gradual transient increases in lamotrigine levels (approximately 2-fold increase) will occur during the pill-free week for women not also taking an enzyme-inducing drug. The increase in lamotrigine levels will be greater if the dose of lamotrigine is increased in the few days before or during the pill-free week. Patients should be instructed to promptly report changes in their menstrual pattern due to the potential for diminished contraceptive efficacy.

References (24)
  1. (2001) "Product Information. Lamictal (lamotrigine)." Glaxo Wellcome
  2. Tomson T, Ohman I, Vitols S (1997) "Lamotrigine in pregnancy and lactation: A case report." Epilepsia, 38, p. 1039-41
  3. Wilbur K, Ensom MHH (2000) "Pharmacokinetic drug interactions between oral contraceptives and second-generation anticonvulsants." Clin Pharmacokinet, 38, p. 355-65
  4. Sabers A, Buchholt JM, Uldall P, Hansen EL (2001) "Lamotrigine plasma levels reduced by oral contraceptives." Epilepsy Res, 47, p. 151-4
  5. Miners JO, Mackenzie PI (1991) "Drug glucuronidation in humans." Pharmacol Ther, 51, p. 347-69
  6. Ohman I, Vitols S, Tomson T (2000) "Lamotrigine in pregnancy: pharmacokinetics during delivery, in the neonate, and during lactation." Epilepsia, 41, p. 706-13
  7. Holdich T, Whiteman P, Orme M, Back D, Ward S (1991) "Effect of lamotrigine on the pharmacology of the combined oral contraceptive pill." Epilepsia, 32(Suppl), p. 96
  8. Hussein Z, Posner J (1997) "Population pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine monotherapy in patients with epilepsy: retrospective analysis of routine monitoring data." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 43, p. 457-65
  9. Sabers A, Ohman I, Christensen J, Tomson T (2003) "Oral contraceptives reduce lamotrigine plasma levels." Neurology, 61, p. 570-1
  10. O'Brien MD, Guillebaud J (2006) "Contraception for women with epilepsy." Epilepsia, 47, p. 1419-22
  11. (2021) "Product Information. Nextstellis (drospirenone-estetrol)." Mayne Pharma
  12. (2024) "Product Information. Azurette (desogestrel-ethinyl estradiol)." Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc
  13. (2023) "Product Information. Apri 21 (desogestrel-ethinyl estradiol)." Teva UK Ltd
  14. (2024) "Product Information. Mercilon (desogestrel-ethinylestradiol)." Organon Pharma (UK) Ltd
  15. (2025) "Product Information. Marvelon (desogestrel-ethinylestradiol)." Organon (Australia) Pty Ltd
  16. (2024) "Product Information. LamoTRIgine ER (lamoTRIgine)." Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc
  17. (2024) "Product Information. Lamictal (lamotrigine)." GlaxoSmithKline UK Ltd
  18. (2023) "Product Information. Ag-Lamotrigine (lamoTRIgine)." Angita Pharma Inc.
  19. (2024) "Product Information. lamOTRIGine (WGR) (lamOTRIGine)." GM Pharma International Pty Ltd
  20. (2024) "Product Information. Estalis Sequi 50/140 (estradiol-norethisterone)." Sandoz Pharmaceuticals AG
  21. (2024) "Product Information. Novofem (estradiol-norethisterone)." Novo Nordisk Ltd
  22. Reimers A, helde g, Brodtkorb E (2005) "Ethinyl estradiol, not progestogens, reduces lamotrigine" Epilepsia, 46, p. 1414-7
  23. Sidhu J, Job S, Singh S, philipson r (2005) "The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences of the co-administration of lamotrigine and a combined oral contraceptive in healthy female subjects" Br J Clin Pharmacol, 61, p. 191-9
  24. Rauchenzauner M, Deichmann S, Pittschieler S, bergmann mt, Prieschl M, Unterberger I, Rosing B, Seger C, moser c, wildt l, Luef G (2020) "Bidirectional interaction between oral contraception and lamotrigine in women with epilepsy - Role of progestins" Seizure, 74, p. 89-92
Major

lamoTRIgine drospirenone

Applies to: Lamictal (lamotrigine) and Yaz (drospirenone / ethinyl estradiol)

ADJUST DOSE: Coadministration with estrogens or progestins used for hormonal contraception or hormonal replacement therapy may significantly decrease the plasma concentrations and pharmacologic effects of lamotrigine due to induction of lamotrigine glucuronidation. The available evidence suggests that estrogens are the main cause of serum lamotrigine reductions and the data supporting the involvement of progestin-containing medications in this reduction are conflicting. In a pharmacokinetic study of 16 female volunteers taking an oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 150 mcg of levonorgestrel concomitantly with lamotrigine 300 mg per day, the clearance of lamotrigine increased approximately 2-fold. Additionally, the systemic exposure (AUC) and the maximum plasm concentration (Cmax) of lamotrigine decreased by 52% and 39%, respectively. In the same study, coadministration of lamotrigine did not impact the pharmacokinetics of the ethinyl estradiol component of the oral contraceptive. However, the AUC of levonorgestrel decreased by 19% and measurement of serum FSH, LH, and estradiol indicated some loss of suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The clinical significance is unknown. Measurement of serum progesterone indicated no hormonal evidence of ovulation.

MANAGEMENT: Plasma lamotrigine levels and pharmacologic response should be monitored more closely whenever estrogen- or progestin-containing medications are added to or withdrawn from therapy. The maintenance dose of lamotrigine will in most cases need to be increased by approximately 2-fold when used concomitantly with combined hormonal contraceptives in women not also taking an enzyme-inducing drug (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, rifampin). It is recommended that from the time that the combined hormonal contraceptive is started, the lamotrigine dose is increased by 50 to 100 mg/day every week, according to individual patient response. The manufacturer's labeling should be consulted for more detailed dosage recommendations. Patients should be advised to contact their physician if they experience loss of seizure control or symptoms of lamotrigine toxicity such as ataxia, nystagmus, increased seizures, irregular heartbeat, and changes in mental status. In patients receiving oral contraceptives, gradual transient increases in lamotrigine levels (approximately 2-fold increase) will occur during the pill-free week for women not also taking an enzyme-inducing drug. The increase in lamotrigine levels will be greater if the dose of lamotrigine is increased in the few days before or during the pill-free week. Patients should be instructed to promptly report changes in their menstrual pattern due to the potential for diminished contraceptive efficacy.

References (24)
  1. (2001) "Product Information. Lamictal (lamotrigine)." Glaxo Wellcome
  2. Tomson T, Ohman I, Vitols S (1997) "Lamotrigine in pregnancy and lactation: A case report." Epilepsia, 38, p. 1039-41
  3. Wilbur K, Ensom MHH (2000) "Pharmacokinetic drug interactions between oral contraceptives and second-generation anticonvulsants." Clin Pharmacokinet, 38, p. 355-65
  4. Sabers A, Buchholt JM, Uldall P, Hansen EL (2001) "Lamotrigine plasma levels reduced by oral contraceptives." Epilepsy Res, 47, p. 151-4
  5. Miners JO, Mackenzie PI (1991) "Drug glucuronidation in humans." Pharmacol Ther, 51, p. 347-69
  6. Ohman I, Vitols S, Tomson T (2000) "Lamotrigine in pregnancy: pharmacokinetics during delivery, in the neonate, and during lactation." Epilepsia, 41, p. 706-13
  7. Holdich T, Whiteman P, Orme M, Back D, Ward S (1991) "Effect of lamotrigine on the pharmacology of the combined oral contraceptive pill." Epilepsia, 32(Suppl), p. 96
  8. Hussein Z, Posner J (1997) "Population pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine monotherapy in patients with epilepsy: retrospective analysis of routine monitoring data." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 43, p. 457-65
  9. Sabers A, Ohman I, Christensen J, Tomson T (2003) "Oral contraceptives reduce lamotrigine plasma levels." Neurology, 61, p. 570-1
  10. O'Brien MD, Guillebaud J (2006) "Contraception for women with epilepsy." Epilepsia, 47, p. 1419-22
  11. (2021) "Product Information. Nextstellis (drospirenone-estetrol)." Mayne Pharma
  12. (2024) "Product Information. Azurette (desogestrel-ethinyl estradiol)." Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc
  13. (2023) "Product Information. Apri 21 (desogestrel-ethinyl estradiol)." Teva UK Ltd
  14. (2024) "Product Information. Mercilon (desogestrel-ethinylestradiol)." Organon Pharma (UK) Ltd
  15. (2025) "Product Information. Marvelon (desogestrel-ethinylestradiol)." Organon (Australia) Pty Ltd
  16. (2024) "Product Information. LamoTRIgine ER (lamoTRIgine)." Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc
  17. (2024) "Product Information. Lamictal (lamotrigine)." GlaxoSmithKline UK Ltd
  18. (2023) "Product Information. Ag-Lamotrigine (lamoTRIgine)." Angita Pharma Inc.
  19. (2024) "Product Information. lamOTRIGine (WGR) (lamOTRIGine)." GM Pharma International Pty Ltd
  20. (2024) "Product Information. Estalis Sequi 50/140 (estradiol-norethisterone)." Sandoz Pharmaceuticals AG
  21. (2024) "Product Information. Novofem (estradiol-norethisterone)." Novo Nordisk Ltd
  22. Reimers A, helde g, Brodtkorb E (2005) "Ethinyl estradiol, not progestogens, reduces lamotrigine" Epilepsia, 46, p. 1414-7
  23. Sidhu J, Job S, Singh S, philipson r (2005) "The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences of the co-administration of lamotrigine and a combined oral contraceptive in healthy female subjects" Br J Clin Pharmacol, 61, p. 191-9
  24. Rauchenzauner M, Deichmann S, Pittschieler S, bergmann mt, Prieschl M, Unterberger I, Rosing B, Seger C, moser c, wildt l, Luef G (2020) "Bidirectional interaction between oral contraception and lamotrigine in women with epilepsy - Role of progestins" Seizure, 74, p. 89-92

Drug and food interactions

Moderate

lamoTRIgine food

Applies to: Lamictal (lamotrigine)

GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate some of the pharmacologic effects of CNS-active agents. Use in combination may result in additive central nervous system depression and/or impairment of judgment, thinking, and psychomotor skills.

MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving CNS-active agents should be warned of this interaction and advised to avoid or limit consumption of alcohol. Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid hazardous activities requiring complete mental alertness and motor coordination until they know how these agents affect them, and to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.

References (4)
  1. Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P (1986) "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology, 15, p. 31-7
  2. Gilman AG, eds., Nies AS, Rall TW, Taylor P (1990) "Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics." New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc.
  3. (2012) "Product Information. Fycompa (perampanel)." Eisai Inc
  4. (2015) "Product Information. Rexulti (brexpiprazole)." Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals Inc
Moderate

drospirenone food

Applies to: Yaz (drospirenone / ethinyl estradiol)

MONITOR: Grapefruit juice may increase the plasma concentrations of orally administered drugs that are substrates of the CYP450 3A4 isoenzyme. The proposed mechanism is inhibition of CYP450 3A4-mediated first-pass metabolism in the gut wall by certain compounds present in grapefruit. Because grapefruit juice inhibits primarily intestinal rather than hepatic CYP450 3A4, the magnitude of interaction is greatest for those drugs that undergo significant presystemic metabolism by CYP450 3A4 (i.e., drugs with low oral bioavailability). In general, the effect of grapefruit juice is concentration-, dose- and preparation-dependent, and can vary widely among brands. Certain preparations of grapefruit juice (e.g., high dose, double strength) have sometimes demonstrated potent inhibition of CYP450 3A4, while other preparations (e.g., low dose, single strength) have typically demonstrated moderate inhibition. Pharmacokinetic interactions involving grapefruit juice are also subject to a high degree of interpatient variability, thus the extent to which a given patient may be affected is difficult to predict.

MANAGEMENT: Patients who regularly consume grapefruit or grapefruit juice should be monitored for adverse effects and altered plasma concentrations of drugs that undergo significant presystemic metabolism by CYP450 3A4. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be avoided if an interaction is suspected. Orange juice is not expected to interact with these drugs.

References (32)
  1. Edgar B, Bailey D, Bergstrand R, et al. (1992) "Acute effects of drinking grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics and dynamics on felodipine and its potential clinical relevance." Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 42, p. 313-7
  2. Jonkman JH, Sollie FA, Sauter R, Steinijans VW (1991) "The influence of caffeine on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of theophylline." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 49, p. 248-55
  3. Bailey DG, Arnold JM, Munoz C, Spence JD (1993) "Grapefruit juice--felodipine interaction: mechanism, predictability, and effect of naringin." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 53, p. 637-42
  4. Bailey DG, Arnold JMO, Spence JD (1994) "Grapefruit juice and drugs - how significant is the interaction." Clin Pharmacokinet, 26, p. 91-8
  5. Sigusch H, Hippius M, Henschel L, Kaufmann K, Hoffmann A (1994) "Influence of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of a slow release nifedipine formulation." Pharmazie, 49, p. 522-4
  6. Bailey DG, Arnold JM, Strong HA, Munoz C, Spence JD (1993) "Effect of grapefruit juice and naringin on nisoldipine pharmacokinetics." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 54, p. 589-94
  7. Yamreudeewong W, Henann NE, Fazio A, Lower DL, Cassidy TG (1995) "Drug-food interactions in clinical practice." J Fam Pract, 40, p. 376-84
  8. (1995) "Grapefruit juice interactions with drugs." Med Lett Drugs Ther, 37, p. 73-4
  9. Hukkinen SK, Varhe A, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ (1995) "Plasma concentrations of triazolam are increased by concomitant ingestion of grapefruit juice." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 58, p. 127-31
  10. Min DI, Ku YM, Geraets DR, Lee HC (1996) "Effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quinidine in healthy volunteers." J Clin Pharmacol, 36, p. 469-76
  11. Majeed A, Kareem A (1996) "Effect of grapefruit juice on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics." Pediatr Nephrol, 10, p. 395
  12. Clifford CP, Adams DA, Murray S, Taylor GW, Wilkins MR, Boobis AR, Davies DS (1996) "Pharmacokinetic and cardiac effects of terfenadine after inhibition of its metabolism by grapefruit juice." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 42, p662
  13. Josefsson M, Zackrisson AL, Ahlner J (1996) "Effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in healthy volunteers." Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 51, p. 189-93
  14. Kantola T, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ (1998) "Grapefruit juice greatly increases serum concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acid." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 63, p. 397-402
  15. Ozdemir M, Aktan Y, Boydag BS, Cingi MI, Musmul A (1998) "Interaction between grapefruit juice and diazepam in humans." Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 23, p. 55-9
  16. Bailey DG, Malcolm J, Arnold O, Spence JD (1998) "Grapefruit juice-drug interactions." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 46, p. 101-10
  17. Bailey DG, Kreeft JH, Munoz C, Freeman DJ, Bend JR (1998) "Grapefruit juice felodipine interaction: Effect of naringin and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin in humans." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 64, p. 248-56
  18. Garg SK, Kumar N, Bhargava VK, Prabhakar SK (1998) "Effect of grapefruit juice on carbamazepine bioavailability in patients with epilepsy." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 64, p. 286-8
  19. Lilja JJ, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ (1998) "Grapefruit juice-simvastatin interaction: Effect on serum concentrations of simvastatin, simvastatin acid, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 64, p. 477-83
  20. Fuhr U, Maier-Bruggemann A, Blume H, et al. (1998) "Grapefruit juice increases oral nimodipine bioavailability." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 36, p. 126-32
  21. Lilja JJ, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ (1999) "Grapefruit juice increases serum concentrations of atorvastatin and has no effect on pravastatin." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 66, p. 118-27
  22. Eagling VA, Profit L, Back DJ (1999) "Inhibition of the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism and P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of the HIV-I protease inhibitor saquinavir by grapefruit juice components." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 48, p. 543-52
  23. Damkier P, Hansen LL, Brosen K (1999) "Effect of diclofenac, disulfiram, itraconazole, grapefruit juice and erythromycin on the pharmacokinetics of quinidine." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 48, p. 829-38
  24. Lee AJ, Chan WK, Harralson AF, Buffum J, Bui BCC (1999) "The effects of grapefruit juice on sertraline metabolism: An in vitro and in vivo study." Clin Ther, 21, p. 1890-9
  25. Dresser GK, Spence JD, Bailey DG (2000) "Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic consequences and clinical relevance of cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition." Clin Pharmacokinet, 38, p. 41-57
  26. Gunston GD, Mehta U (2000) "Potentially serious drug interactions with grapefruit juice." S Afr Med J, 90, p. 41
  27. Takanaga H, Ohnishi A, Maatsuo H, et al. (2000) "Pharmacokinetic analysis of felodipine-grapefruit juice interaction based on an irreversible enzyme inhibition model." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 49, p. 49-58
  28. Libersa CC, Brique SA, Motte KB, et al. (2000) "Dramatic inhibition of amiodarone metabolism induced by grapefruit juice." Br J Clin Pharmacol, 49, p. 373-8
  29. Bailey DG, Dresser GR, Kreeft JH, Munoz C, Freeman DJ, Bend JR (2000) "Grapefruit-felodipine interaction: Effect of unprocessed fruit and probable active ingredients." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 68, p. 468-77
  30. Zaidenstein R, Soback S, Gips M, Avni B, Dishi V, Weissgarten Y, Golik A, Scapa E (2001) "Effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its active metabolite E3174 in healthy volunteers." Ther Drug Monit, 23, p. 369-73
  31. Sato J, Nakata H, Owada E, Kikuta T, Umetsu M, Ito K (1993) "Influence of usual intake of dietary caffeine on single-dose kinetics of theophylline in healthy human subjects." Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 44, p. 295-8
  32. Flanagan D (2005) "Understanding the grapefruit-drug interaction." Gen Dent, 53, 282-5; quiz 286
Moderate

ethinyl estradiol food

Applies to: Yaz (drospirenone / ethinyl estradiol)

MONITOR: Coadministration of ethinyl estradiol may increase the plasma concentrations of drugs that are primarily metabolized by CYP450 1A2. In a study of 30 healthy volunteers administered the CYP450 1A2 substrate tizanidine, the systemic exposure (AUC) of tizanidine was 3.9 times greater in women using an oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol.

MANAGEMENT: Patients should be monitored for increased adverse effects of the CYP450 1A2 substrate during concomitant use with ethinyl estradiol. Product labeling for the specific CYP450 1A2 substrate should be consulted for additional recommendations.

References (1)
  1. Granfors MT, Backman JT, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ (2005) "Oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol and gestodene markedly increase plasma concentrations and effects of tizanidine by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A2." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 78, p. 400-11
Minor

ethinyl estradiol food

Applies to: Yaz (drospirenone / ethinyl estradiol)

Coadministration with grapefruit juice may increase the bioavailability of oral estrogens. The proposed mechanism is inhibition of CYP450 3A4-mediated first-pass metabolism in the gut wall induced by certain compounds present in grapefruits. In a small, randomized, crossover study, the administration of ethinyl estradiol with grapefruit juice (compared to herbal tea) increased peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax) by 37% and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) by 28%. Based on these findings, grapefruit juice is unlikely to affect the overall safety profile of ethinyl estradiol. However, as with other drug interactions involving grapefruit juice, the pharmacokinetic alterations are subject to a high degree of interpatient variability. Also, the effect on other estrogens has not been studied.

References (2)
  1. Weber A, Jager R, Borner A, et al. (1996) "Can grapefruit juice influence ethinyl estradiol bioavailability?" Contraception, 53, p. 41-7
  2. Schubert W, Eriksson U, Edgar B, Cullberg G, Hedner T (1995) "Flavonoids in grapefruit juice inhibit the in vitro hepatic metabolism of 17B-estradiol." Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 20, p. 219-24
Minor

ethinyl estradiol food

Applies to: Yaz (drospirenone / ethinyl estradiol)

The central nervous system effects and blood levels of ethanol may be increased in patients taking oral contraceptives, although data are lacking and reports are contradictory. The mechanism may be due to enzyme inhibition. Consider counseling women about this interaction which is unpredictable.

References (1)
  1. Hobbes J, Boutagy J, Shenfield GM (1985) "Interactions between ethanol and oral contraceptive steroids." Clin Pharmacol Ther, 38, p. 371-80

Therapeutic duplication warnings

No warnings were found for your selected drugs.

Therapeutic duplication warnings are only returned when drugs within the same group exceed the recommended therapeutic duplication maximum.

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Drug Interaction Classification

These classifications are only a guideline. The relevance of a particular drug interaction to a specific individual is difficult to determine. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.
Major Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
Moderate Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
Minor Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
Unknown No interaction information available.

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