Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Apr 6, 2025.
What is erythema infectiosum?
Erythema infectiosum, or fifth disease, is a mild infection caused by a virus. It is spread through respiratory droplets, such as when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread through a blood transfusion. Erythema infectiosum is most common in school-aged children.
What are the signs and symptoms of erythema infectiosum?
Flu-like symptoms appear first, followed by a face rash, and then a body rash. The rash may last up to 10 days. Your child may have any of the following:
- Headache or body aches
- Fever, chills, tiredness
- Stuffy or runny nose and sore throat
- Nausea or diarrhea
- Bright red, warm cheek rash
- Red, itchy, body rash that has a lace pattern
- Joint pain and swelling
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How is erythema infectiosum diagnosed?
Your child's healthcare provider will look in your child's ears, nose, and throat. The provider will examine your child's rash. Tell the provider all of your child's symptoms and how long he or she has had them.
How is erythema infectiosum treated?
Your child's infection will go away on its own. The following medicines may help your child feel better:
- Antihistamines may help decrease itching. It is available without a doctor's order. Use as directed.
- Ibuprofen or acetaminophen may help decrease your child's pain and fever. They are available without a doctor's order. Ask how much medicine is safe to give your child, and how often to give it. Acetaminophen can cause liver damage and ibuprofen can cause kidney damage if not used correctly.
How can I manage my child's symptoms?
Help your child rest. Encourage your child to read or draw quietly. He or she can return to his or her daily activities as directed.
How can I help prevent the spread of erythema infectiosum?
Remind your child to wash his or her hands often with soap and water. Wash your hands after you use the bathroom, change a child's diaper, or sneeze. Wash your hands before you prepare or eat food.
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When can my child go back to daycare or school?
Your child is contagious during the week before his or her rash appears. This is usually when your child has flu-like symptoms. Your child can return to daycare or school when his or her face rash appears. This means your child is no longer contagious. Tell your child's daycare or school that your child has fifth disease. Other parents may need to be told that their children have been exposed.
When should I seek immediate care?
- Your child is confused.
- Your child is hard to wake.
When should I call my child's doctor?
- Your child's rash does not go away after 10 days.
- Your child's joint pain and swelling do not get better with treatment.
- You have questions or concerns about your child's condition or care.
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