Choroidal Melanoma
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Dec 2, 2024.
What is choroidal melanoma?
Choroidal melanoma is cancer found in the choroid. This is a tissue that lines the eye between the retina and the sclera. The sclera is the white part of your eye. A choroidal melanoma can become large and cause your retina to detach. This can cause vision loss. It can also spread to other parts of your body, such as your liver.
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What increases my risk for choroidal melanoma?
- Age 60 years or older
- Light skin and a light iris color
- Several moles on your skin
- Choroidal nevus (freckle that forms under the retina, in the choroid)
- An eye condition you were born with, such as uveal melanocytoma
- Getting too much sunlight or working as an arc welder
How is choroidal melanoma diagnosed?
Choroidal melanoma usually has no signs or symptoms that you will notice. Sometimes it can cause blurred vision or loss of vision. Choroidal melanoma is usually found during a routine eye exam. Your eye care specialist may suspect you have a choroidal melanoma by seeing a dark spot on the back of your eye. He or she may use the following to rule out other conditions:
- An ultrasound or MRI may be used to measure the dark spot or examine it in more detail.
- Indocyanine green angiography is used to find problems in your choroid. A green dye called indocyanine green is injected into a blood vessel in your arm. When it gets to the blood vessels in your eye, a camera takes pictures of your retina and choroid. The dye helps blocked or leaking blood vessels show up better in the pictures.
- A biopsy may be used if other tests do not show a clear cause. A sample of the spot is taken from your eye and tested in a lab.
How is choroidal melanoma treated?
Your eye care provider may recommend watchful waiting. This means you do not receive immediate treatment, but you come in for regular exams to watch for changes. This is usually only done if the choroidal melanoma is small. If it is larger, or becomes larger during watchful waiting, your provider may recommend any of the following:
- Radiotherapy is a procedure that uses radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells. The seeds are put onto a piece of metal called a plaque. Your eye care provider sews the plaque to the outside wall of your eye. This keeps the seeds in place against your eye. Treatment lasts several days, and then the plaque is removed.
- Radiation therapy kills cancer cells with high-energy x-rays. Radiation can keep cancer cells from growing if they are not killed.
- Photocoagulation is a procedure used to prevent nutrients from getting to cancer cells. A laser is used to destroy the blood vessels that supply the cells. This causes the tumor cells to die. This procedure may also be called light coagulation.
- Thermotherapy is a procedure that uses a laser to shrink cancer cells. The laser gives off heat that destroys the cells.
- Surgery may be used to remove the tumor and some of the healthy tissue around it. This is done for smaller tumors. If your tumor is larger, a surgery called enucleation may be needed. This surgery is used to remove the eye and part of the optic nerve. It is only done if your vision cannot be saved. The surgery may be needed if the tumor is large, creates pressure in your eye, or cancer cells spread to your optic nerve.
What can I do to keep my eyes healthy?
You may not be able to prevent choroidal melanoma, but you can help keep your eyes healthy:
- Wear sunglasses with ultraviolet (UV) light protection. UV light from the sun can damage your eyes.
- Eat foods that contain eye-healthy nutrients. Eye-healthy nutrients include vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Examples of foods that contain these nutrients include spinach, peanuts, salmon, collard greens, avocados, squash, eggs, and blueberries. Ask your healthcare provider for a full list of foods that contain eye-healthy nutrients. You may also need to take a vitamin or supplement to help you get enough of these nutrients.
- Do not smoke. Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes and cigars can cause eye and blood vessel damage. Ask your healthcare provider for information if you currently smoke and need help to quit. E-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco still contain nicotine. Talk to your healthcare provider before you use these products.
- Limit alcohol use. Heavy alcohol use may increase your risk for eye diseases. Ask your healthcare provider if it is okay for you to drink alcohol.
When should I seek immediate care?
- You have a sudden change in your vision or loss of vision.
- You have eye pain.
When should I call my doctor?
- You see more floaters or flashes of light than usual.
- You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.
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