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Oxiconazole (Monograph)

Brand name: Oxistat
Drug class: Azoles
ATC class: G01AF17
VA class: DE102
Chemical name: 1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanone (Z)-O-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]oxime mononitrate
Molecular formula: C18H13C14N3O•HNO3
CAS number: 64211-46-7

Introduction

Antifungal; azole (imidazole derivative).1 2 3 7 8 9 11 12 14 20 27 34 43

Uses for Oxiconazole

Dermatophytoses

Treatment of tinea corporis (body ringworm)1 20 24 25 28 and tinea cruris (jock itch)1 20 24 25 caused by Epidermophyton floccosum,1 20 25 27 28 Microsporum canis† [off-label],20 25 27 28 M. gypseum† [off-label],25 Trichophyton mentagrophytes,1 20 25 27 28 T. rubrum,1 20 25 27 28 or T. verrucosum† [off-label].20 28

Treatment of tinea pedis1 20 24 25 or tinea manuum† [off-label]24 25 caused by E. floccosum,20 25 27 28 M. canis† [off-label],20 25 27 28 M. gypseum†,25 T. mentagrophytes,1 20 25 27 28 T. rubrum,1 20 25 27 28 or T. verrucosum†.20 28

Topical antifungals usually effective for treatment of uncomplicated tinea corporis or tinea cruris.35 36 39 40 41 An oral antifungal may be necessary when tinea corporis or tinea cruris is extensive, dermatophyte folliculitis is present, infection is chronic or does not respond to topical therapy, or patient is immunocompromised because of coexisting disease or concomitant therapy.35 36 39 40 41

Topical antifungals usually effective for treatment of uncomplicated tinea pedis or tinea manuum.36 39 41 An oral antifungal may be necessary for treatment of hyperkeratotic areas on the palms and soles, for chronic moccasin-type (dry-type) tinea pedis, and for tinea unguium (fingernail or toenail dermatophyte infections, onychomycosis).36 41

Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor

Treatment of pityriasis (tinea) versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare or P. ovale).1

Topical antifungals usually effective; an oral antifungal (with or without a topical antifungal) may be necessary in patients who have extensive or severe infections or failed to respond to or have frequent relapses with topical therapy.37 38 40

Cutaneous Candidiasis

Treatment of cutaneous candidiasis† caused by Candida albicans or C. tropicalis.27 28

Oxiconazole Dosage and Administration

Administration

Topical Administration

Apply topically to the skin as a 1% cream or lotion.1

Do not apply to the eye1 or administer intravaginally.1 32 33

Avoid contact with the nose, mouth, and other mucous membranes.1

Do not use with occlusive dressings or wrappings, unless otherwise directed by clinician.1

Shake lotion well before using.1

Apply a sufficient amount of cream or lotion; rub gently into affected area and immediately surrounding healthy skin.1

Dosage

Available as oxiconazole nitrate; dosage expressed in terms of oxiconazole.1

Pediatric Patients

Dermatophytoses
Tinea Corporis or Tinea Cruris
Topical

Apply 1% cream once or twice daily for 2 weeks.1

If clinical improvement does not occur after treatment, reevaluate diagnosis.1

Tinea Pedis
Topical

Apply 1% cream once or twice daily for 1 month.1

If clinical improvement does not occur after treatment, reevaluate diagnosis.1

Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor
Topical

Apply 1% cream once daily for 2 weeks.1

If clinical improvement does not occur after treatment, reevaluate diagnosis.1

Normalization of hyper- or hypopigmented patches on trunk, neck, arms, and upper thighs is variable and may take months.1

Adults

Dermatophytoses
Tinea Corporis or Tinea Cruris
Topical

Apply 1% cream or lotion once or twice daily for 2 weeks.1

If clinical improvement does not occur after treatment, reevaluate diagnosis.1

Tinea Pedis
Topical

Apply 1% cream or lotion once or twice daily for 1 month.1

If clinical improvement does not occur after treatment, reevaluate diagnosis.1

Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor
Topical

Apply 1% cream once daily for 2 weeks.1

If clinical improvement does not occur after treatment, reevaluate diagnosis.1

Normalization of hyper- or hypopigmented patches on trunk, neck, arms, and upper thighs is variable and may take months.1

Special Populations

No special population dosage recommendations at this time.1

Detailed Oxiconazole topical dosage information

Cautions for Oxiconazole

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to oxiconazole or any ingredient in the formulation.1

Warnings/Precautions

Warnings

Application Precautions

For external use only.1 Use only for topical application to the skin; not for ophthalmic1 or intravaginal use.1 32 33

Sensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Contact dermatitis reported following topical application of oxiconazole or other imidazole-derivative azole antifungals.1 21 22 47

If irritation or sensitivity occurs, discontinue the drug and initiate appropriate therapy.1

Possible cross-sensitization among the imidazoles.21 22 44 45 46 47 48

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category B.1

Lactation

Distributed into milk; caution if used in nursing women.1 32

Pediatric Use

Cream may be used in pediatric patients; has been used in children ≤10 years of age without unusual adverse effect.1

Safety and efficacy of lotion not established in children.1

Geriatric Use

Insufficient experience in patients ≥65 years of age to determine whether safety and efficacy differ from that in younger adults.1

Available data to date indicate no difference in safety compared with younger adults; dosage adjustment not recommended.1

Common Adverse Effects

Pruritus, burning, irritation, stinging.1

Drug Interactions

No formal drug interaction studies to date.1

Oxiconazole Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability

Only low concentrations absorbed systemically following topical application to skin.1

Distribution

Extent

Topical application to skin results in highest concentrations in epidermis and lower concentrations in upper and deeper corneum.1 In vitro on animal skin, oxiconazole 1% cream was retained in the horny layer of the epidermis for up to 96 hours after topical application.10 20

Distributed into milk.1 32

Not known whether systemically absorbed oxiconazole crosses the placenta.32 33

Elimination

Elimination Route

Systemically absorbed drug excreted in urine (<0.3% of topical dose).1

Stability

Storage

Topical

Cream and Lotion

15–30C;1 cream is stable for 24 months after the date of manufacture.32

Actions and Spectrum

Advice to Patients

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

Please refer to the ASHP Drug Shortages Resource Center for information on shortages of one or more of these preparations.

Oxiconazole Nitrate

Routes

Dosage Forms

Strengths

Brand Names

Manufacturer

Topical

Cream

1% (of oxiconazole)

Oxistat (with benzoic acid and propylene glycol)

GlaxoSmithKline

Lotion

1% (of oxiconazole)

Oxistat (with benzoic acid and propylene glycol)

GlaxoSmithKline

AHFS DI Essentials™. © Copyright 2024, Selected Revisions July 1, 2007. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 4500 East-West Highway, Suite 900, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.

† Off-label: Use is not currently included in the labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

References

1. GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare LP. Oxistat (oxiconazole nitrate) cream and lotion 1% prescribing information. Pittsburgh, PA; 2002 Aug.

2. Odds FC, Webster CE, Abbott AB. Antifungal relative inhibition factors: BAY I-9139, bifonazole, butoconazole, isoconazole, itraconazole (R 51211), oxiconazole, Ro 14- 4767/002, sulconazole, terconazole and vibunazole (BAY n-7133) compared in vitro with nine established antifungal agents. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1984; 14:105-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6094418?dopt=AbstractPlus

3. Polak A. Oxiconazole, a new imidazole derivative: evaluation of antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo. Arzneimittelforschung. 1982; 32:17-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7037014?dopt=AbstractPlus

4. Odds FC, Cheesman SL, Abbott AB. Suppression of ATP in Candida albicans by imidazole and derivative antifungal agents. Sabouraudia. 1985; 23:415-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3913012?dopt=AbstractPlus

5. Polak-Wyss A, Lengsfeld H, Oesterhelt G. Effect of oxiconazole and Ro 14-4767/002 on sterol pattern in Candida albicans. Sabouraudia. 1985; 23:433-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3913013?dopt=AbstractPlus

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9. Hay RJ. Recent advances in the management of fungal infections. Q J Med. 1987; 64:631-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3328211?dopt=AbstractPlus

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17. Walters KA. Penetration of chemicals into, and through, the nail plate. Pharm Int. 1985; 6:86-9.

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22. Raulin C, Frosch PJ. Contact allergy to oxiconazole. Contact Dermatitis. 1987; 16:39-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3816206?dopt=AbstractPlus

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28. Wagner W, Reckers-Czaschka R. Oxiconazole in dermatomycosis: a double-blind, randomized comparison with bifonazol. Mykosen. 1987; 30:484-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3325843?dopt=AbstractPlus

29. Vanden Bossche H, Lauwers W, Willemsens G et al. Molecular basis for the antimycotic and antibacterial activity of N-substituted imidazoles and triazoles: the inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Pestic Sci. 1984; 15:188-98.

30. Thomas AH. Suggested mechanisms for the antimycotic activity of the polyene antibiotics and the N-substituted imidazoles. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1986; 17:269-79. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3516967?dopt=AbstractPlus

31. Sud IJ, Feingold DS. Mechanisms of action of the antimycotic imidazoles. J Invest Dermatol. 1981; 76:438-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017013?dopt=AbstractPlus

32. Vonderweidt J (Glaxo Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC): Personal communication; 1989 Jul 14.

33. Reviewers’ comments (personal observations); 1989 Jul.

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35. Gupta AK, Einarson TR, Summerbell RC et al. An overview of topical antifungal therapy in dermatomycoses: a North American perspective. Drugs. 1998; 55:645-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9585862?dopt=AbstractPlus

36. Piérard GE, Arrese JE, Piérard-Franchimont C. Treatment and prophylaxis of tinea infections. Drugs. 1996; 52:209-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8841739?dopt=AbstractPlus

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38. Assaf RR, Weil ML. The superficial mycoses. Dermatol Clin. 1996; 14:57-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8821158?dopt=AbstractPlus

39. Lesher JL. Recent developments in antifungal therapy. Dermatol Clin. 1996; 14:163-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8821170?dopt=AbstractPlus

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43. Reviewers’ comments (personal observations) on Sulconazole 84:04.08.

44. Bigardi AS, Pigatto PD, Altomare G. Allergic contact dermatitis due to sulconazole. Contact Dermatitis. 1992; 26:281-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1395584?dopt=AbstractPlus

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46. Jones SK, Kennedy CTC. Contact dermatitis from tioconazole. Contact Dermatitis. 1990; 22:122-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2138969?dopt=AbstractPlus

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48. Marren P, Powell S. Contact sensitivity to tioconazole and other imidazoles. Contact Dermatitis. 1992; 27:129-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1395626?dopt=AbstractPlus

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