Fulvestrant (Monograph)

Brand name: Faslodex
Drug class: Antineoplastic Agents
VA class: AN500
Chemical name: 4′-[2-[[(2aE,4E,5′S,6S,6′R,7R,8E,11R,13R,15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-6′-Ethyl-3′,4′,5′,6,6′,7,10,11,14,15,17a,20,20a,20b-tetradecahydro-20,20b-dihydroxy-5′,6,8,19-furo[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecin-13,2′[2H]pyran]-7-yl]oxy]ethyl]-N-methylmethanesulfonanilide
Molecular formula: C₃₂H₄₇F₅O₃S
CAS number: 129453-61-8

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Jul 29, 2024. Written by ASHP.

Introduction

Antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist.

Uses for Fulvestrant

Breast Cancer

Treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women with disease progression following antiestrogen (e.g., tamoxifen) therapy.

Efficacy in premenopausal women (e.g., those with functioning ovaries, as evidenced by menstruation and/or premenopausal LH, FSH, and estradiol concentrations) with advanced breast cancer not established.

Fulvestrant Dosage and Administration

General

• Commercially available as two 5-mL prefilled syringes, each containing 250 mg of fulvestrant, with safety needles.

• Consult manufacturer’s prescribing information for details on assembly and proper use of safety needle.

Administration

IM Administration

Administer IM slowly (over 1–2 minutes per injection) at the dorsogluteal site or into the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle.

Administer 500-mg dose as 2 concurrent 250-mg (5-mL) injections, which may be administered bilaterally.

Prior to administration, remove injection from refrigeration and keep at room temperature for up to 1 hour or roll gently between the hands.

Dosage

Adults

Breast Cancer

IM

500 mg on days 1, 15, and 29 and then once monthly thereafter. This regimen associated with longer progression-free survival and similar adverse effects compared with previously recommended regimen (250 mg once monthly without a loading dose regimen).

Special Populations

Hepatic Impairment

Mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A): No dosage adjustment required.

Moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B): 250 mg (as single injection) on days 1, 15, and 29 and then once monthly thereafter. (See Hepatic Impairment under Cautions.)

Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C): Safety and efficacy not established.

Geriatric Patients

Dosage adjustments not required.

Cautions for Fulvestrant

Contraindications

• Known hypersensitivity to fulvestrant or any ingredient in the formulation (e.g., benzyl alcohol).

Warnings/Precautions

Sensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity reactions, including urticaria and angioedema, reported.

Fetal/Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality

May cause fetal harm; teratogenicity and embryolethality demonstrated in animals.

Avoid pregnancy during therapy. If used during pregnancy or patient becomes pregnant, apprise of potential fetal hazard.

Hematologic Disorders

Use with caution in patients with bleeding diatheses or thrombocytopenia and in those receiving anticoagulant therapy because of IM administration.

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category D. (See Fetal/Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality under Cautions.)

Lactation

Distributed into milk in rats; not known whether fulvestrant is distributed into human milk. Discontinue nursing or the drug.

Pediatric Use

Used in a limited number of girls 1–8 years of age with progressive precocious puberty associated with McCune-Albright syndrome^{† [off-label]}; however, efficacy not established. Common adverse effects included injection site reactions (e.g., inflammation, pain, hematoma, pruritus, rash), abdominal pain, contusion, tachycardia, vasodilation (hot flush), extremity pain, and vomiting. Effects on bone mineral density not elucidated.

Geriatric Use

Slightly lower objective response rates in patients ≥65 years of age than in younger adults. No substantial difference in pharmacokinetics relative to younger adults.

Hepatic Impairment

Systemic exposure increased in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B). (See Hepatic Impairment under Dosage and Administration and see Special Populations under Pharmacokinetics). Safety and efficacy not established in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C).

Renal Impairment

Not studied in patients with renal impairment; however plasma fulvestrant concentrations in women with Cl_cr ≥30 mL/minute were similar to those in women with normal renal function.

Common Adverse Effects

Adverse GI effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain ), headache, pain (e.g., back pain, bone pain, musculoskeletal pain, extremity pain, pelvic pain ), asthenia, vasodilation (hot flushes), pharyngitis, dyspnea, injection site reactions (e.g., pain ), increased cough, anorexia, peripheral edema, rash, chest pain, flu syndrome, dizziness, insomnia, fever, paresthesia, urinary tract infection, depression, anxiety, sweating, fatigue, arthralgia, joint disorder.

Drug Interactions

Metabolized by CYP3A4 and non-CYP routes.

Does not inhibit CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, or 3A4 in vitro.

Drugs Affecting Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes

Inhibitors of CYP3A4: Pharmacokinetic interactions unlikely. No dosage adjustment needed.

Inducers of CYP3A4: Pharmacokinetic interactions unlikely. No dosage adjustment needed.

Specific Drugs

Fulvestrant Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability

Following IM administration of 500 mg every 2 weeks for the first month of therapy, steady-state plasma concentrations are attained within the first month. Following IM injection of 250 mg once every month (without loading dose regimen), steady-state plasma concentrations are attained after 3–6 doses.

Distribution

Extent

Distributed principally into the extravascular space.

Has been shown to cross the placenta and distribute into milk in rats.

Plasma Protein Binding

99% (mainly VLDL, LDL, and HDL lipoprotein fractions).

Elimination

Metabolism

Metabolized mainly in the liver. Fulvestrant metabolism appears to involve combinations of a number of possible biotransformation pathways analogous to those of endogenous steroids. Identified metabolites are either less active or exhibit similar activity to fulvestrant in antiestrogen models.

In vitro studies indicate that CYP3A4 is the only enzyme involved in fulvestrant oxidation; however, the relative contribution of CYP and non-CYP routes in vivo currently is not known.

Elimination Route

Rapidly cleared by the hepatobiliary route with excretion primarily via feces (approximately 90%); renal elimination is negligible (<1%).

Half-life

Approximately 40 days.

Special Populations

Mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A) does not substantially alter systemic exposure or clearance. Moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B) increases systemic exposure by 70%.

Stability

Storage

Parenteral

Injection

Refrigerate at 2–8°C. Protect from light; store in original carton until time of use.

Actions

• An estrogen antagonist; a 7α-alkylsulfinyl analog of estradiol.

• Does not possess estrogen-agonist activity.

• Competitively binds to and down-regulates estrogen receptors in human breast cancer cells. Reductions in estrogen-receptor levels, as well as associated reductions in progesterone-receptor levels and associated antiproliferative effects, appear to be dose related.

• Inhibits the growth of tamoxifen-resistant as well as estrogen-sensitive human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines in vitro and in vivo.

• May block the uterotropic action of estradiol.

• Does not exhibit peripheral steroidal effects in postmenopausal women.

Advice to Patients

• Necessity of advising women of childbearing potential to use an effective method of contraception while receiving therapy. Importance of women informing clinicians immediately if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed. Advise pregnant women of risk to the fetus.

• Importance of discontinuing the drug and informing clinician if an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction occurs.

• Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs and dietary or herbal supplements, as well as any concomitant illnesses.

• Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information. (See Cautions.)

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

Please refer to the ASHP Drug Shortages Resource Center for information on shortages of one or more of these preparations.

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Frequently asked questions

• How long can you take Faslodex?
• How long does it take for Faslodex to start working?
• Is Faslodex a form of chemotherapy?

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