Can proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) be used long-term?
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) should only be used for a couple of months, maximum, before gradually tapering off to prevent acid rebound. Long-term use has been associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis-related fractures of the hip and spine, pneumonia, kidney disease, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and vitamin B12, magnesium, or iron deficiency.
PPI side effects may include a headache, constipation or diarrhea, flatulence, or nausea. PPIs can also interact with some other drugs, such as clopidogrel (Plavix), or affect the absorption of certain drugs, such as iron salts, ketoconazole, and vitamin B12.
PPIs suppress gastric acid secretion by shutting down the stomach proton pumps. This is the final stage of acid secretion which makes PPIs more effective than H2 blockers. PPIs take a bit longer than H2 blockers to start working.
Different brands of PPIs include dexlansoprazole (Dexilant), esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), and omeprazole (Prilosec), but generic forms are often cheaper. Over-the-counter versions are available, too.
Read next
What types of drugs are used for treating heart disease?
The most common medicines used to treat and help prevent worsening heart disease include:
- Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) and other cholesterol-lowering medicines
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
- Calcium channel blockers / calcium antagonists
- Beta blockers
- Isosorbide or nitroglycerin
- Antiplatelet drugs, like aspirin or clopidogrel
- Warfarin or other blood thinners
Why is physical activity so important in preventing heart disease?
Physical activity prevents heart disease by helping you maintain a healthy weight and keeping your joints mobile to allow you to do daily activities such as climbing stairs and shopping. This keeps your heart pumping and blood and oxygen flowing around your body. Physical activity has also been shown to lower stress hormones and reduce your risk of depression or cognitive decline (this is how you think or learn, and your judgment skills). When you feel good about yourself and the world you live in, then you are more inclined to be active and to take good care of yourself, which helps your heart as well. It also boosts your immune system, causing changes in antibodies and white blood cells which are the body’s immune cells that fight disease. This can lower your risk of catching infections, such as the cold or the flu, or help flush bacteria out of the lungs and airways. Continue reading
How can you check for heart disease at home?
You can check for heart disease at home by measuring your pulse rate and your blood pressure if you have a blood pressure monitor. To measure your pulse you will need an analog watch (one with a clock face rather than digital numbers) with a second hand. Place your index and middle finger of your hand on the hollow part of your inner wrist of the other arm, just below the base of the thumb. You should feel a tapping or pulse against your fingers, that is your heartbeat. Look at your watch and count the number of taps you feel in 10 seconds. Multiply that number by 6 to find out your heart rate for 1 minute. Continue reading
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