Pulled Elbow in Children
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Apr 6, 2025.
What is a pulled elbow?
A pulled elbow is an injury that occurs when one of the elbow bones slips out of its normal place. It is also called a nursemaid's elbow. The bones of the elbow are held together and supported by ligaments. In children, these ligaments may still be weak. A forceful stretching of the elbow causes the radius to slip out of the ligament that supports it. This causes the ligament to slide over the tip of the bone and get trapped inside the joint. A pulled elbow is the most common injury of the upper limb in children younger than 6 years.
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What causes a pulled elbow?
A sudden pull of your child's arm may cause a pulled elbow. A pulled elbow commonly occurs when your child's arm is outstretched and turned inward. A pulled elbow may be caused by any of the following:
- Dragging your child by the hand
- Grabbing your child's arm to keep him or her from falling
- Lifting your child by the hand, wrist, or forearm
- Swinging your child by the hands or forearms
What are the signs and symptoms of a pulled elbow?
Your child will have pain in the injured elbow and may cry right after the arm was pulled. The arm is usually kept slightly bent with the forearm facing down. Your child may have a hard time moving his or her elbow or arm, or refuse to use it. The elbow may look normal, without swelling or deformity.
How is a pulled elbow diagnosed?
Your child's healthcare provider will ask how the elbow got injured and how long the injury has been present. The provider will carefully check your child's arm from the wrist up to the shoulder. The provider will check for signs of broken bones, open wound, or other problems. Both the injured and normal elbow may be examined.
How is a pulled elbow treated?
Your child's healthcare provider will release the trapped ligament and return the bone to its normal position. The provider will move your child's arm in different directions. A click may be heard or felt when the bone returns to its place. If treatment fails or was delayed for more than 12 hours, your child may need to wear a splint. A sling may be needed if your child's pulled elbow happens again.
When should I seek immediate care?
- Your child has increased pain on the affected elbow.
- Your child gets another pulled elbow.
- Your child's arm or hand feels numb and tingly.
- Your child's skin or fingernails become swollen, cold, or turn white or blue.
When should I call my child's doctor?
- Your child refuses to move the arm again.
- Your child's pain does not go away or comes back.
- You have questions or concerns about your child's condition or care.
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