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Pentacel

Generic name: Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Inactivated Poliovirus and Haemophilus b Conjugate (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) Vaccine
Treatment for: Diphtheria Prophylaxis, Tetanus Prophylaxis, Pertussis Prophylaxis, Poliomyelitis Prophylaxis, Haemophilus influenzae Prophylaxis

Update: Pentacel Now FDA Approved - June 20, 2008

FDA Advisory Committee Recommends Licensure of New Pediatric Combination Vaccine

If approved, Pentacel vaccine would be the first pediatric combination vaccine in the U.S. to immunize against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

BETHESDA, Md., January 25, 2007 -- Sanofi pasteur, the vaccines business of the sanofi-aventis Group , is pleased that the members of an advisory committee to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) voted nearly unanimously today that the company's pentavalent combination vaccine for use in pediatric patients is both safe and efficacious. Pentacel (DTaP-IPV-Hib) vaccine(1) protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).

According to the current Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), up to 23 injections are needed through 18 months of age. The use of Pentacel vaccine could reduce that number of shots by seven.

The regulatory submission of Pentacel vaccine is based on results of clinical studies involving more than 5,000 children in multi-center trials(2) conducted in the U.S. and Canada. Pentacel vaccine is licensed for pediatric use in nine countries, including Canada, where it has been used universally in infants and young children since 1998 for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and Hib. Over 12.5 million doses of Pentacel vaccine have been distributed in Canada.

Pentacel vaccine is the first DTaP-based combination vaccine candidate for use in infants in the U.S. that includes both polio and Hib vaccine components. The diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis components in Pentacel vaccine are based on the formulation in DAPTACEL -- Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed (DTaP vaccine) -- which was introduced by sanofi pasteur in the U.S. in 2002. In clinical trials, Pentacel vaccine was administered as a four-dose series -- at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 months of age -- concomitantly with other recommended childhood vaccines.

Sanofi pasteur's U.S. operations in Swiftwater, PA has long been committed to providing vaccines to prevent childhood diseases. In 1987, it licensed the first Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine. And in 1996, it was the first company to license a diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine for use in infants -- Tripedia, Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed. In 2005, sanofi pasteur continued its tradition of innovation by introducing Menactra, Meningococcal (Groups A, C, Y and W-135) Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine to protect against meningococcal disease in adolescents and adults, 11-55 years of age, and ADACEL, Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed as a booster dose for protection against tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis in both adolescents and adults 11-64 years of age.

About Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a disease caused by a bacterium, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, that usually affects the tonsils, throat, nose and/or skin. It is passed from person to person by droplet transmission, usually by breathing in diphtheria bacteria after an infected person has coughed or sneezed. Although diphtheria disease is rare in the U.S., it appears that C diphtheriae continues to circulate in areas of the country with previously endemic diphtheria. Diphtheria also occurs in many other parts of the world.

About Tetanus

Tetanus is a severe, frequently fatal disease caused by an exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani, a bacterium that is found in the environment. Tetanus is not transmitted from person to person. Rather, Clostridium tetani enters the body through an open wound, including lacerations, abrasions and puncture wounds. The toxin causes neuromuscular dysfunction, with rigidity and spasms of skeletal muscles. The muscle spasms usually start in the jaw (which is why the disease is sometimes called "lockjaw") and neck and may spread to many other muscles, leading to generalized paralysis.

About Pertussis

Pertussis, a highly contagious disease of the respiratory tract, is caused by exposure to bacteria (Bordetella pertussis) found in the mouth, nose and throat of an infected person. Pertussis is primarily spread by direct contact with discharge from the nose or throat of infected individuals. Classic -- or severe pertussis -- as defined by the World Health Organization, consists of at least 21 days of cough illness (with the cough coming in spasms or paroxysms), associated whoops or post-cough vomiting, and laboratory confirmation. Despite widespread vaccination, reports of pertussis outbreaks continue to in the U.S. At particular risk are newborns and babies who have not yet been fully vaccinated against pertussis, iii who are more likely to have severe pertussis, and who face the possibility of serious complications and death. Over the last decade, 80% of pertussis deaths have occurred in infants under 6 months of age.(3)

About Polio

Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus that invades the nervous system and can cause severe paralysis. The virus enters the body through the mouth and multiplies in the intestine. Initial symptoms are fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the limbs. One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis (usually in the legs). Among those paralyzed, 5-10% dies when their breathing muscles become immobilized. Polio mainly affects children under five years of age. Naturally occurring polio was eliminated in the U.S. in 1979 and in the Western Hemisphere by 1991; however, worldwide efforts are continuing towards eradication of this contagious and devastating disease.

About Hib

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease is caused by a bacterium that enters the body through the nose or throat and then can spread to cause meningitis (an infection of the coverings of the brain and spinal cord), blood stream infection, pneumonia, infection of the epiglottis, and other serious infections. Hib disease can cause mental retardation in young children and be a life-threatening infection. The Hib bacterium is still circulating in the U.S. today.(4) Ongoing vaccination is critical in preventing a resurgence of Hib, which was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children under five years of age before vaccines were introduced.

References:
(1) The true name for Pentacel vaccine is: Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Inactivated Poliovirus and Haemophilus b Conjugate (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) Vaccine Combined
(2) Herz A, Black S, Shinefield H, Noriega F, Greenberg, D. Safety of DTaP-IPV//PRP-T (PENTACEL) administered at 2, 4, 6, and 15 to 18 months of age. Annual meeting of the Pediatric Academic Societies 2005
(3) Vitek CR, Pascual FR, Baugham, AL, Murphy TV. Increase in deaths from pertussis from young infants in the United States in the 1990s. Pediar Infect Dis J. 2003:22:628:634.6
(4) Donnelly, M.J, Herold, B.C., Jenkins, S.G., Daum, R.S. Obstacles to the elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease: Three illustrative cases. Pediatrics. Vol. 112, No. 6, December 2003, pp. 1465-1466

Source: Sanofi pasteur

Posted: January 2007

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