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Insulin Zinc Extended Dosage

Applies to the following strengths: human recombinant 100 units/mL

Usual Adult Dose for Gestational Diabetes

Extended zinc insulin is a long-acting insulin which is generally injected subcutaneously 1 to 2 times daily. 30 to 50% of the daily requirement may be provided by extended zinc insulin.

Insulin dosage should be individualized to achieve/maintain a target blood glucose level and is determined by various factors including body weight, body fat, physical activity, insulin sensitivity, blood glucose levels, and target blood glucose.

Conventional regimen: The total daily insulin dose is administered as a mixture of rapid/short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins in 1 to 2 injections. Twice daily injections are preferred for better glycemic control. With the 2-injection regimen, generally two-thirds of the daily dose is given before breakfast and one-third is given before the evening meal.

Intensive regimen: The total daily dose is administered as 3 or more injections or by continuous subcutaneous infusion to cover basal and pre-meal bolus insulin requirements. The basal requirement is approximately 30 to 50% of the total dose, given as intermediate or long-acting insulin (NPH, zinc, extended zinc, lispro-protamine, glargine), 1 to 2 times daily. Meal boluses are approximately 50 to 70% of the total dose, given as rapid/short-acting insulin (regular, aspart, lispro) 2 to 5 times daily before meals. Common regimens include injections of rapid/short acting insulin before each meal along with injections of intermediate or long-acting insulin in the morning and/or evening. Dosage adjustments are made to achieve target blood glucose levels and are based on frequent blood glucose measurements, diet and exercise levels.

Total daily insulin requirements:
Initial dose: 0.5 to 0.8 unit/kg/day subcutaneously
Honeymoon phase: 0.2 to 0.5 unit/kg/day subcutaneously
Split dose therapy: 0.5 to 1.2 unit/kg/day subcutaneously
Insulin resistance: 0.7 to 2.5 units/kg/day subcutaneously

Usual Adult Dose for Diabetes Type 1

Extended zinc insulin is a long-acting insulin which is generally injected subcutaneously 1 to 2 times daily. 30 to 50% of the daily requirement may be provided by extended zinc insulin.

Insulin dosage should be individualized to achieve/maintain a target blood glucose level and is determined by various factors including body weight, body fat, physical activity, insulin sensitivity, blood glucose levels, and target blood glucose.

Conventional regimen: The total daily insulin dose is administered as a mixture of rapid/short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins in 1 to 2 injections. Twice daily injections are preferred for better glycemic control. With the 2-injection regimen, generally two-thirds of the daily dose is given before breakfast and one-third is given before the evening meal.

Intensive regimen: The total daily dose is administered as 3 or more injections or by continuous subcutaneous infusion to cover basal and pre-meal bolus insulin requirements. The basal requirement is approximately 30 to 50% of the total dose, given as intermediate or long-acting insulin (NPH, zinc, extended zinc, lispro-protamine, glargine), 1 to 2 times daily. Meal boluses are approximately 50 to 70% of the total dose, given as rapid/short-acting insulin (regular, aspart, lispro) 2 to 5 times daily before meals. Common regimens include injections of rapid/short acting insulin before each meal along with injections of intermediate or long-acting insulin in the morning and/or evening. Dosage adjustments are made to achieve target blood glucose levels and are based on frequent blood glucose measurements, diet and exercise levels.

Total daily insulin requirements:
Initial dose: 0.5 to 0.8 unit/kg/day subcutaneously
Honeymoon phase: 0.2 to 0.5 unit/kg/day subcutaneously
Split dose therapy: 0.5 to 1.2 unit/kg/day subcutaneously
Insulin resistance: 0.7 to 2.5 units/kg/day subcutaneously

Usual Adult Dose for Diabetes Type 2

Extended zinc insulin is a long-acting insulin which is generally injected subcutaneously 1 to 2 times daily.

Diet and lifestyle modifications are recommended as initial treatment for type II diabetes, followed by oral agents. Insulin may be considered if patients are very hyperglycemic or symptomatic and/or not controlled with oral agents. Insulin may exacerbate obesity, further increase insulin resistance, and increase the frequency of hypoglycemia.

Insulin dosage should be individualized to achieve/maintain a target blood glucose level and is determined by various factors including body weight, body fat, physical activity, insulin sensitivity, blood glucose levels, and target blood glucose.

Conventional regimen:
Initial dose, adjunct: When used as an adjunct to oral hypoglycemic agents, isophane insulin (NPH) or extended zinc 0.1 unit/kg at bedtime has been used.

Initial dose, monotherapy: 0.1 unit/kg/day subcutaneously. When insulin is used alone, twice daily injections are recommended for better glycemic control. The total daily insulin dose is administered as a mixture of rapid/short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins in 1 to 2 injections. With the 2-injection regimen, generally two-thirds of the daily dose is given before breakfast and one-third is given before the evening meal. Once daily injections are sometimes used in children with suboptimal compliance; however, this may lead to more nocturia, fasting hyperglycemia, morning glucosuria, and a risk of ketoacidosis if the doses are missed.
Maintenance dose, monotherapy: Total daily insulin requirements may progress to 1.5 to 2.5 units/kg or higher in patients with obesity and insulin resistance.

Intensive regimen:
The necessity for and efficacy of intensive insulin therapy in type II diabetes has been controversial. The total daily dose is administered as 3 or more injections or by continuous subcutaneous infusion to cover basal and pre-meal bolus insulin requirements. This method may be appropriate for closely supervised and highly motivated older children or adolescents who are able to inject their insulin, monitor their blood glucose, and recognize hypoglycemia. The basal requirement is approximately 30 to 50% of the total dose, given as intermediate or long-acting insulin (NPH, zinc, extended zinc, lispro-protamine, glargine), 1 to 2 times daily. Meal boluses are approximately 50 to 70% of the total dose, given as rapid/short-acting insulin (regular, aspart, lispro) 2 to 5 times daily before meals. Common regimens include injections of rapid/short acting insulin before each meal along with injections of intermediate or long-acting insulin in the morning and/or evening. Dosage adjustments are made to achieve target blood glucose levels and are based on frequent blood glucose measurements, diet and exercise levels.
Initial dose, monotherapy: 0.5 to 1.5 unit/kg/day subcutaneously.
Maintenance dose, monotherapy: Total daily insulin requirements may progress to 2.5 units/kg or higher in patients with obesity and insulin resistance.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Diabetes Type 1

Extended zinc insulin is a long-acting insulin which is generally injected subcutaneously 1 to 2 times daily. 30 to 50% of the daily requirement may be provided by extended zinc insulin.

Insulin dosage should be individualized to achieve/maintain a target blood glucose level and is determined by various factors including body weight, body fat, physical activity, insulin sensitivity, blood glucose levels, and target blood glucose.

Conventional regimen: The total daily insulin dose is administered as a mixture of rapid/short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins in 1 to 2 injections. Twice daily injections are recommended for better glycemic control. With the 2-injection regimen, generally two-thirds of the daily dose is given before breakfast and one-third is given before the evening meal. Once daily injections are sometimes used in children with suboptimal compliance; however, this may lead to more nocturia, fasting hyperglycemia, morning glucosuria, and a risk of ketoacidosis if the doses are missed.

Intensive regimen: The total daily dose is administered as 3 or more injections or by continuous subcutaneous infusion to cover basal and pre-meal bolus insulin requirements. This method may be appropriate for closely supervised and highly motivated older children or adolescents who are able to inject their insulin, monitor their blood glucose, and recognize hypoglycemia. The basal requirement is approximately 30 to 50% of the total dose, given as intermediate or long-acting insulin (NPH, zinc, extended zinc, glargine), 1 to 2 times daily. Meal boluses are approximately 50 to 70% of the total dose, given as rapid/short-acting insulin (regular, lispro) 2 to 5 times daily before meals. Common regimens include injections of rapid/short acting insulin before each meal along with injections of intermediate or long-acting insulin in the morning and/or evening. Dosage adjustments are made to achieve target blood glucose levels and are based on frequent blood glucose measurements, diet and exercise levels.

Total daily insulin requirements:
Initial dose: 0.5 to 0.8 unit/kg/day subcutaneously
Honeymoon phase: 0.2 to 0.5 unit/kg/day subcutaneously
Split dose therapy: 0.5 to 1.2 unit/kg/day subcutaneously
Adolescents during growth spurts. 0.8 to 1.5 units/kg/day subcutaneously

Usual Pediatric Dose for Diabetes Type 2

Extended zinc insulin is a long-acting insulin which is generally injected subcutaneously 1 to 2 times daily.

Diet and lifestyle modifications are recommended as initial treatment for type II diabetes, followed by oral agents (metformin). Insulin may be considered if children are very hyperglycemic or symptomatic and/or not controlled with oral agents. Insulin may exacerbate obesity, further increase insulin resistance, and increase the frequency of hypoglycemia.

Insulin dosage should be individualized to achieve/maintain a target blood glucose level and is determined by various factors including body weight, body fat, physical activity, insulin sensitivity, blood glucose levels, and target blood glucose.

Conventional regimen:
Initial dose, adjunct: When used as an adjunct to metformin, isophane insulin (NPH) or extended zinc 0.1 unit/kg at bedtime has been used.

Initial dose, monotherapy: 0.1 unit/kg/day subcutaneously. When insulin is used alone, twice daily injections are recommended for better glycemic control. The total daily insulin dose is administered as a mixture of rapid/short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins in 1 to 2 injections. With the 2-injection regimen, generally two-thirds of the daily dose is given before breakfast and one-third is given before the evening meal. Once daily injections are sometimes used in children with suboptimal compliance; however, this may lead to more nocturia, fasting hyperglycemia, morning glucosuria, and a risk of ketoacidosis if the doses are missed.
Maintenance dose, monotherapy: Total daily insulin requirements may progress to 1.5 to 2.5 units/kg or higher in patients with obesity and insulin resistance.

Intensive regimen:
The necessity for and efficacy of intensive insulin therapy in type II diabetes has been controversial. The total daily dose is administered as 3 or more injections or by continuous subcutaneous infusion to cover basal and pre-meal bolus insulin requirements. This method may be appropriate for closely supervised and highly motivated older children or adolescents who are able to inject their insulin, monitor their blood glucose, and recognize hypoglycemia. The basal requirement is approximately 30 to 50% of the total dose, given as intermediate or long-acting insulin (NPH,zinc, extended zinc, glargine), 1 to 2 times daily. Meal boluses are approximately 50 to 70% of the total dose, given as rapid/short-acting insulin (regular, lispro) 2 to 5 times daily before meals. Common regimens include injections of rapid/short acting insulin before each meal along with injections of intermediate or long-acting insulin in the morning and/or evening. Dosage adjustments are made to achieve target blood glucose levels and are based on frequent blood glucose measurements, diet and exercise levels.
Initial dose, monotherapy: 0.5 to 1.5 unit/kg/day subcutaneously.
Maintenance dose, monotherapy: Total daily insulin requirements may progress to 2.5 units/kg or higher in patients with obesity and insulin resistance.

Renal Dose Adjustments

Decreased dosage may be required. Careful blood glucose monitoring and dose adjustment are recommended.

Liver Dose Adjustments

Decreased dosage may be required. Careful blood glucose monitoring and dose adjustment are recommended.

Dose Adjustments

Daily insulin requirements may be higher during illness, stress, pregnancy, in obese patients, trauma, during concurrent use with medications having hyperglycemic effects, or after surgery, and lower with exercise, weight loss, calorie restricted diets, or during concurrent use of medications having hypoglycemic effects. Total daily doses should not be adjusted by more than 10% increments.

Supplemental doses may be prescribed during illness or to correct high preprandial blood glucose.

Dosage adjustments may be required when the brand, type, or species of insulin is changed.

Precautions

Do not give IV or IM.

Mixing with unbuffered regular insulin is not recommended because zinc will complex with regular insulin and increase its duration of action. If mixed, they should be used immediately.

Do not mix with buffered regular insulin because zinc phosphate may precipitate.

Patients should be educated on how to recognize symptoms of acidosis and hypoglycemia and what to do if they occur.

Intensive insulin therapy and subcutaneous insulin pumps should be avoided in patients who are unable or unwilling to comply with frequent blood glucose testing and injection requirements (alcohol or drug abuse, psychiatric disorders), who have cognitive or developmental issues (small children), and those who are prone to developing severe hypoglycemia or in whom hypoglycemia could be potentially fatal, e.g., adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, counterregulatory insufficiency, autonomic neuropathy, concurrent use of beta adrenergic blocking agents, coronary or cerebral vascular disease.

Dialysis

Data not available

Other Comments

At least twice weekly blood glucose monitoring is recommended for type I and II diabetes on conventional insulin therapy. Blood glucose is measured 3 or more times daily before meals during intensive insulin regimens. More frequent monitoring is necessary during illness or stress.

Urine ketone testing is recommended for patients with type I diabetes if they develop symptoms of colds, influenza, nausea, vomiting, or other illnesses, polyuria, or if blood glucose levels are unexpectedly high or inconsistent.

Glycosylated hemoglobin measurements are recommended every 3 months.

At least yearly serum creatinine, BUN, ECG determinations, and ophthalmologic examinations are recommended.

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.